Spatial variability of Regosol chemical atributes in guava management with neem under semi-arid conditions

Castro, Douglas B.; Pedrosa, Elvira M. R.; Montenegro, Abelardo A. A.; Rolim, Mario M.; Leitão, Diego A. H. S.; Oliveira, Ana Karina S.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p618-624

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SOIL, WATER AND PLANT MANAGEMENT • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 20 (7) • July 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p618-624 copy

Spatial variability of Regosol chemical atributes in guava management with neem under semi-arid conditions

Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos em Neossolo no manejo da goiabeira com nim no semiárido

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Considering the relevant importance of guava (Psidium guajava) in Northeastern Brazil along with the benefits of neem cake amendments on soil characteristics, this work evaluated the effects of neem cake on chemical attributes of a Regosol under irrigated guava orchard in an alluvial valley of Pernambuco semi-arid region. Evaluations were carried out in two areas (area 1 - with neem cake; area 2 - without neem cake) at three periods: before the first application of neem cake, 90 days after the first application and 90 days after the second application. A regular 8 × 6-point grid was designed in each area and the soil was sampled for total organic carbon, pH, soluble salts (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and total nitrogen contents, as well as soil C-CO₂ evolution rate in soil. Geostatistical analysis pointed out the spherical model as the best fit to the studied variables, followed by the Gaussian model, with ranges from 12 to 60.5 m. Neem cake incorporation increased spatial variability and the contents of the evaluated soil chemical attributes.

Key words:
Azadirachta indica; management; soil quality; Psidium guajava

	Maximum	Minimum	Mean	Median	Kurtosis	CV (%)	SD	KS
	Area 1 – Sampling 1
K⁺	2.6010	0.3597	0.9829	0.8741	1.4168	49.0461	0.4820	^* * Si gnificant
Na⁺	9.5256	1.6421	4.0050	3.7572	0.9805	46.1420	1.8480	^* * Si gnificant
Mg²⁺	3.7029	0.1152	1.8455	1.8308	-1.0417	52.9894	0.9779	^* * Si gnificant
Ca²⁺	5.3771	0.6253	2.9078	2.9863	0.4836	34.4821	1.0026	^* * Si gnificant
C-CO₂	28.546	0.1805	10.678	9.0206	-0.4198	74.8757	7.9952	^ns ns Not significant;
OC	0.9400	0.0947	0.4580	0.4453	0.0803	37.2987	0.1708	^* * Si gnificant
TN	0.8386	0.3909	0.6139	0.6156	-0.3287	16.7827	0.1030	^ns ns Not significant;
pH	8.66	5.66	7.2158	7.19	0.3218	8.2306	0.5939	^* * Si gnificant
	Area 1 – Sampling 2
K⁺	1.4640	0.5001	0.9042	0.8730	-0.2315	24.8189	0.2244	^* * Si gnificant
Na⁺	4.2855	1.2622	2.2919	2.1293	0.1621	36.5822	0.8384	^ns ns Not significant;
Mg²⁺	6.6455	0.2468	2.5101	1.6161	-0.5374	77.4354	1.9437	^ns ns Not significant;
Ca²⁺	5.3196	0.1257	1.6592	1.1916	0.7209	81.3098	1.3491	^ns ns Not significant;
C-CO₂	55.8352	1.7018	12.810	8.2934	4.1743	89.9790	11.527	^ns ns Not significant;
OC	0.9602	0.5782	0.7327	0.7259	-0.0382	12.4799	0.0914	^* * Si gnificant
TN	9.5067	3.9129	6.2283	6.1556	1.3007	17.7099	1.1030	^ns ns Not significant;
pH	7.1800	5.22	6.1739	6.14	-0.2549	7.8679	0.4857	^* * Si gnificant
	Area 1 – Sampling 3
K⁺	3.0679	0.3034	1.2442	1.1218	0.3894	53.3002	0.6631	^ns ns Not significant;
Na⁺	43.5789	4.2821	15.015	9.7589	-0.0208	67.3286	10.11	^ns ns Not significant;
Mg²⁺	5.9046	1.4749	3.4398	3.2974	-0.2030	29.2292	1.0054	^* * Si gnificant
Ca²⁺	5.8026	1.5270	3.1327	3.0699	0.2018	30.8336	0.9659	^* * Si gnificant
C-CO₂	59.3106	0.3837	19.012	16.0067	2.6708	66.2389	12.5934	^ns ns Not significant;
OC	1.2181	0.5378	0.8766	0.8617	0.6648	15.6121	0.1368	^* * Si gnificant
TN	12.0995	3.7258	7.7379	7.6479	0.3239	22.6686	1.7540	^ns ns Not significant;
pH	7.9800	6.2	7.2335	7.33	-0.5253	6.62554	0.4792	^ns ns Not significant;
	Area 2 – Sampling 1
K⁺	2.0953	0.2863	1.0074	0.9108	-0.0733	48.0791	0.4843	^ns ns Not significant;
Na⁺	7.9874	1.6867	3.6232	3.1804	0.7011	45.8461	1.6611	^ns ns Not significant;
Mg²⁺	5.2768	0.0494	1.8364	1.6679	0.4484	62.8046	1.1533	^* * Si gnificant
Ca²⁺	3.7297	0.2318	1.7497	1.6302	0.0518	45.2120	0.7910	^* * Si gnificant
C-CO₂	101.4208	0.1780	17.212	11.3681	8.7955	108.2078	18.6244	^ns ns Not significant;
OC	0.8270	0.0314	0.3850	0.4091	-0.164	45.2369	0.1741	^* * Si gnificant
TN	0.7838	0.3912	0.5652	0.5592	-0.3933	17.0447	0.0963	^* * Si gnificant
pH	7.77	6.57	7.1620	7.21	-0.0243	3.9122	0.2801	^* * Si gnificant
	Area 2 – Sampling 2
K⁺	2.6373	0.3374	1.1322	1.0452	1.4507	42.9599	0.4864	^* * Si gnificant
Na⁺	5.1527	1.2622	2.4301	2.0054	0.0528	45.2244	1.0990	^ns ns Not significant;
Mg²⁺	15.9441	0.5299	3.5143	2.3566	4.3123	88.7554	3.1191	^ns ns Not significant;
Ca²⁺	23.9859	0.1057	3.0381	1.7645	19.954	124.6167	3.7860	^ns ns Not significant;
C-CO₂	61.6645	1.6527	16.251	11.9606	5.2632	75.0539	12.1967	^ns ns Not significant;
OC	0.9193	0.3712	0.6498	0.666	0.3433	27.3598	0.1128	^* * Si gnificant
TN	6.7200	4.4692	5.3267	5.3132	-0.1455	10.1773	0.5421	^ns ns Not significant;
pH	7.2100	5.01	6.2191	6.4	0.0145	7.6054	0.4808	^* * Si gnificant
	Area 2 – Sampling 3
K⁺	2.9935	0.3530	1.3007	0.9978	-0.4236	60.0712	0.7813	^ns ns Not significant;
Na⁺	44.2309	4.4125	16.462	9.6285	-0.4871	72.0765	11.8649	^ns ns Not significant;
Mg²⁺	6.9404	1.6539	3.6254	3.6188	0.3515	32.4614	1.1768	^ns ns Not significant;
Ca²⁺	8.3756	1.9441	5.2473	5.3425	0.0628	27.0470	1.4192	^* * Si gnificant
C-CO₂	80.0943	5.4827	20.575	15.835	5.6447	73.0709	15.0345	^ns ns Not significant;
OC	1.0586	0.4363	0.6968	0.6626	-0.4368	32.2322	0.1549	^* * Si gnificant
TN	9.4953	3.1695	5.8305	5.9554	0.2254	23.6288	1.3777	^ns ns Not significant;
pH	8.2200	6.75	7.5685	7.625	0.4287	4.2053	0.3182	^* * Si gnificant

	Model	C₀	C₁	A	R²	C₀/(C₀ + C1)	DSD	Jack-Knifing
	Model	C₀	C₁	A	R²	C₀/(C₀ + C1)	DSD	Mean	SD
Sampling 1 - Area 1
K⁺	Pure nugget effect
Na⁺	Exp.	2.0043	1.7263	16.7632	0.5423	53.73	Mod.	-0.019	0.934
Mg²⁺	Gauss.	0.5948	0.4968	26.2622	0.8785	54.49	Mod.	0.009	1.013
Ca²⁺	Gauss.	0.5678	0.6742	31.3567	0.9339	45.72	Mod.	-0.004	1.084
C-CO₂	Gauss.	0.0917	0.0277	20.8691	0.6381	76.80	Weak	-0.050	0.947
OC	Pure nugget effect
TN	Gauss.	0.0074	0.0097	60.4925	0.973	43.27	Mod.	0.007	1.018
pH	Pure nugget effect
Sampling 1 - Area 2
K⁺	Pure nugget effect
Na⁺	Spher.	0.0025	0.0160	16.19370	0.9074	13.51	Strong	0.026	1.070
Mg²⁺	Spher.	0.5673	0.7792	18.0059	0.8857	42.13	Mod.	-0.010	1.006
Ca²⁺	Spher.	0.3643	0.2731	24.4869	0.5910	57.15	Mod.	-0.023	1.013
C-CO₂	Pure nugget effect
OC	Pure nugget effect
TN	Spher.	0.0072	0.0018	38.0168	0.8840	80.00	Weak	-0.003	1.035
pH	Pure nugget effect
Sampling 2 - Area 1
K⁺	Pure nugget effect
Na⁺	Pure nugget effect
Mg²⁺	Spher.	2.2362	2.1406	58.4262	0.9855	59.43	Mod.	-0.040	1.004
Ca²⁺	Gauss.	1.1948	0.8026	39.3440	0.9249	59.43	Mod.	-0.043	0.949
C-CO₂	Spher.	89.0934	60.8257	38.7603	0.8757	59.43	Mod.	0.001	1.149
OC	Spher.	0.0064	0.0026	54.6216	0.9206	71.11	Mod.	-0.033	1.064
TN	Spher.	0.9679	0.1534	51.4044	0.8001	86.32	Weak	-0.066	1.087
pH	Spher.	0.0203	0.1964	16.9613	0.6672	9.37	Strong	-0.031	1.050
Sampling 2 - Area 2
K⁺	Spher.	0.0644	0.0973	53.1051	0.8416	39.83	Mod.	0.027	1.048
Na⁺	Spher.	0.0154	0.0212	34.3375	0.6986	42.08	Mod.	0.005	1.030
Mg²⁺	Spher.	0.0259	0.0495	36.6484	0.9526	34.35	Mod.	0.003	1.076
Ca²⁺	Gauss.	1.4398	2.0341	23.3399	0.8892	41.45	Mod.	-0.019	0.901
C-CO₂	Gauss.	82.6639	119.177	42.8046	0.9807	40.95	Mod.	-0.018	1.076
OC	Spher.	0.0030	0.0103	27.9968	0.9688	22.56	Strong	-0.015	1.029
TN	Spher.	0.1438	0.1567	18.4857	0.7283	47.85	Mod.	-0.002	1.058
pH	Pure nugget effect
Sampling 3 - Area 1
K⁺	Pure nugget effect
Na⁺	Pure nugget effect
Mg²⁺	Spher.	0.5376	0.5234	27.4973	0.9016	50.67	Mod.	-0.008	1.008
Ca²⁺	Exp.	0.5312	0.4202	12.0180	0.7827	55.83	Mod.	-0.051	0.908
C-CO₂	Pure nugget effect
OC	Spher.	0.0148	0.0237	17.159	0.6654	38.44	Mod.	-0.039	1.075
TN	Spher.	2.2807	0.7199	29.0486	0.7319	76.01	Weak	-0.023	1.082
pH	Pure nugget effect
Sampling 3 - Area 2
K⁺	Pure nugget effect
Na⁺	Spher.	94.5951	48.8706	32.4872	0.9861	65.94	Mod.	-0.013	1.106
Mg²⁺	Spher.	0.0200	1.3431	18.6182	0.9428	1.47	Strong	-0.023	1.059
Ca²⁺	Pure nugget effect
C-CO₂	Spher.	65.1699	149.783	21.4709	0.6508	30.32	Mod.	0.019	1.246
OC	Pure nugget effect
TN	Pure nugget effect
pH	Pure nugget effect

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[1] mario.rolim@ufrpe.br (Corresponding author)