Soybean nutritional status and seed physiological quality with swine wastewater

Swine wastewater application is a practice that can become viable in agriculture, for minimizing fertilization costs and improving soil conditions. Therefore, it is essential to establish criteria that define appropriate application doses from the agronomic and environmental perspectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of swine wastewater doses associated with mineral fertilization on soybean nutritional status and physiological quality of seed. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 2010/2011, using twenty-four drainage lysimeters in randomized block design in 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four swine wastewater doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 m³ ha^-1) applied before sowing, associated with presence and absence of mineral fertilization, in three replicates. Leaves at the flowering stage were collected for determinations of N, P, K⁺, Ca⁺², Mg⁺², Cu⁺², Zn⁺², Mn and Fe. Symptoms of toxicity and nutritional deficiency were observed in the crop. Furthermore, higher doses of swine wastewater caused lower physiological quality in soybean seeds.

Key words:
mineral fertilization; swine waste; water reuse

Parameters	Results
pH	7.62
EC (μS cm^-1)	1816.00
TC (mg L^-1)	1331.00
TOC (mg L^-1)	684.80
TIC (mg L^-1)	645.90
TN (mg L^-1)	481.70
NO₃(mg L^-1)	103.75
P (mg L^-1)	22.06
K⁺(mg L^-1)	8.95
Mg⁺²(mg L^-1)	67.70
Ca⁺² (mg L^-1)	52.87
Na⁺ (mg L^-1)	36.70
Cu⁺²(mg L^-1)	1.86
Zn⁺²(mg L^-1)	10.22
TS (mg L^-1)	3498.33
FTS (mg L^-1)	1310.75
VTS (mg L^-1)	2187.50
Turbidity (TU)	606.00

Nutrients	Very low	Low	Sufficient	High	Very high
N (g kg^-1)	<32.5	32.5 to 45.0	45.0 to 55.0	55.0 to 70.0	>70.0
P (g kg^-1)	<1.6	1.6 to 2.5	2.5 to 5.0	5.0 to 8.0	>8.0
K (g kg^-1)	<12.5	12.5 to 17.0	17.0 to 25.0	25.0 to 27.5	>27.5
Ca+2 (g kg^-1)	<2.0	2.0 to 3.5	3.5 to 20.0	20.0 to 30.0	>30.0
Mg+2 (g kg^-1)	<1.0	1.0 to 2.5	2.5 to 10.0	10.0 to 15.0	>15.0
Mn (mg kg^-1)	<15	15 to 20	20 to 100	100 to 250	>250
Fe (mg kg^-1)	<30	30 to 50	50 to 350	350 to 500	>500
Cu⁺² (mg kg^-1)		<6	6 to 14	>14
Zn (mg kg^-1)	<11	11 to 20	20 to 50	50 to 75	>75

	N	P	Mn (mg kg^-1)	Cu⁺² (g kg^-1)	Zn⁺² (mg kg^-1)	Mg⁺²	Ca⁺²	K⁺		Fe (mg kg^-1)
	(g kg^-1)		Mn (mg kg^-1)	Cu⁺² (g kg^-1)	Zn⁺² (mg kg^-1)	(g kg^-1)				Fe (mg kg^-1)
0^ Means followed by same lowercase letters in the column do not differ by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level for SW and means followed by same uppercase letters in the column do not differ by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level for MF; A - Absence of MF; P - Presence of MF;	48.94	2.18	36.13	5.81	43.86	5.96a	11.70 a	15.58 a	0 A^* ***** Means followed by equal lowercase letters in the column do not differ by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level for the follow-up analysis of SW inside MF and equal uppercase letters in the column do not differ by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level for the follow-up analysis of MF inside SW;	324.31 aA
100	46.62	2.62	28.87	5.08	51.01	4.82ab	8.15ab	17.21 ab	0 P	250.49 aA
200	45.58	2.83	30.05	4.16	51.94	4.14b	5.94 bc	18.59 bc	100 A	282.36 abA
300	49.88	2.43	31.36	4.86	64.65	3.99b	5.27 b	20.57 c	100 P	214.33 aB
A	46.60	2.57	27.33	4.41	59.74 A	5.34A	9.24 A	17.01 B	200 A	198.01 cA
P	48.91	2.50	35.87	5.54	45.99 B	4.12B	6.29 B	19.70 A	200 P	231.20 aA
-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	300 A	203.55 bcA
-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	300 P	221.01 aA
MF	0.45^ns NS - Not significant	0.55^ns NS - Not significant	0.07^ns NS - Not significant	0.35^ns NS - Not significant	0.02^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;	0.00^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;	0.01^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;	0.00^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;	MF	0.67
SW	0.72^ns NS - Not significant	0.17^ns NS - Not significant	0.67^ns NS - Not significant	0.80^ns NS - Not significant	0.10^ns NS - Not significant	0.00^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;	0.00^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;	0.00^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;	SW	0.01
SW^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation; MF	0.93^ns NS - Not significant	0.91^ns NS - Not significant	0.50^ns NS - Not significant	0.60^ns NS - Not significant	0.32^ns NS - Not significant	0.53^ns NS - Not significant	0.36^ns NS - Not significant	0.41^ns NS - Not significant	SW*MF	0.03^* * Significant at 0.05; CV - Coefficient of variation;
CV (%)	15.31	19.91	34.31	58.09	12.91	28.38	12.91	09.62	CV (%)	24.96

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] silvio.sampaio@unioeste.br (Corresponding author)