Enrichment of organic compost with beneficial microorganisms and yield performance of corn and wheat

Andrade, Francine C.; Fernandes, Fernando; Oliveira Júnior, Adilson; Rondina, Artur B. L.; Hungria, Mariangela; Nogueira, Marco A.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n5p332-339

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 25 (5) • May 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n5p332-339 copy

Enrichment of organic compost with beneficial microorganisms and yield performance of corn and wheat¹ 1 Research developed at Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brazil

Enriquecimento de composto orgânico com microrganismos benéficos e desempenho produtivo do milho e trigo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Enrichment with beneficial microorganisms may increase the benefits of organic compost. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enrichment of a mature compost with plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus clarus), using brachiaria (Urochloa brizantha) as host plant, totaling seven treatments: control (compost with no bacteria, brachiaria or mycorrhizal fungus); compost + brachiaria; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Azorhizobium sp.; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Azoarcus sp.; compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Bacillus subtilis; and compost + brachiaria + mycorrhizal fungus + Azotobacter sp., in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Brachiaria shoot biomass, N and P concentrations, mycorrhizal colonization, and chemical characteristics of the compost were assessed five times over 183 days. B. subtilis and Azotobacter increased ammonium-N concentration in the compost in two and three sampling dates, respectively. In contrast, Azotobacter and Azoarcus decreased the concentrations of nitrate-N in at least one sampling. Despite high P availability in the compost (951-2927 mg kg^-1), mycorrhizal colonization reached up to 53%. In a field trial with the produced composts, in a randomized block design with six repetitions, the composts with brachiaria doubled the mycorrhizal colonization of corn (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), independent of the growth-promoting bacteria and, depending on the associated bacteria, increased grain yields.

Key words:
composting; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus; Rhizophagus clarus; Urochloa brizantha

Layer (cm)	pH	Clay	Silt	Sand	CEC	Ca	Mg	K	Na	P	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Layer (cm)	pH	(%)			(cmol_c dm^-3)					(mg dm^-3)
Corn
0-20	5.3	74.2	19.0	6.8	12.3	5.63	2.47	0.41	0.03	19.7	7.8	112.8	108.7	0.9
20-40	5.4	77.7	16.2	6.1	10.9	4.09	1.78	0.36	0.01	5.1	12.6	107.0	442.8	2.4
Wheat
0-20	5.1	74.2	16.5	9.4	12.3	4.16	1.78	0.90	0.01	10.0	14.2	100.9	522.7	2.6
20-40	5.2	77.0	15.6	7.4	10.9	4.05	1.53	0.56	0.01	5.7	12.7	103.3	452.2	1.5

Treatments	Days after bacterial inoculation in the compost
Treatments	60	81	102	122	151	183
	Accumulated shoot dry biomass (g tray^-1)
T1 - Compost (C)	-	-	-	-	-	-
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	66.7 b	172 a	292 a	384 a	452 a	515 a
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	84.4 a	195 a	311 a	407 a	470 a	532 a
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	79.3 ab	183 a	297 a	392 a	451 a	511 a
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	74.3 ab	179 a	300 a	387 a	436 a	495 a
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	80.4 ab	180 a	302 a	389 a	439 a	493 a
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	81.8 ab	174 a	294 a	387 a	438 a	493 a
Average	77.8	180	299	391	448	507
CV (%)	7.09	6.00	5.64	4.69	4.90	5.06
	Mycorrhizal colonization (%)
T1 - Compost (C)	-	-	-	-	-	-
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	0	-	7 ab	-	8 b	7 b
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	0	-	13 a	-	30 a	39 a
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	0	-	8 ab	-	35 a	47 a
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	0	-	9 ab	-	39 a	43 a
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	0	-	6 b	-	40 a	50 a
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	0	-	10 ab	-	52 a	53 a
Average	-	-	16.9	-	34.7	37.9
CV (%)	-	-	13.8	-	17.9	19.5
	Shoot N concentration (g kg^-1)
T1 - Compost (C)	-	-	-	-	-	-
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	28.4 a	-	22.9 a	-	-	10.9 a
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	27.0 a	-	21.1 ab	-	-	10.9 a
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	26.0 a	-	16.0 ab	-	-	10.1 ab
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	27.5 a	-	15.0 ab	-	-	9.26 b
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	27.2 a	-	14.6 b	-	-	9.50 ab
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	27.3 a	-	15.9 ab	-	-	9.57 ab
Average	27.2	-	17.6	-	-	10.0
CV (%)	4.62	-	16.5	-	-	5.31
	Shoot P concentration (g kg^-1)
T1 - Compost (C)	-	-	-	-	-	-
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	3.84 a	-	3.78 a	-	-	3.08 a
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	3.79 a	-	3.80 a	-	-	3.11 a
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	3.54 a	-	4.08 a	-	-	3.72 a
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	3.65 a	-	3.62 a	-	-	3.03 a
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	3.32 a	-	3.54 a	-	-	3.54 a
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	3.32 a	-	3.70 a	-	-	3.21 a
Average	3.61	-	3.75	-	-	3.28
CV (%)	9.41	-	10.3	-	-	10.4

Treatments	Days after bacterial inoculation in the compost
Treatments	0	30	60	102	151	183
	Nitrate-N (mg kg^-1)
T1 - Compost (C)	279.8 a	371.1 a	748.2 a	449.1 a	978.1 a	1193 a
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	254.2 a	387.7 a	419.4 b	76.1 b	15.2 bc	13.3 bc
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	214.7 a	350.6 a	278.3 cd	60.2 bc	16.4 bc	12.1 bc
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	211.4 a	344.2 a	315.8 c	54.0 bc	23.7 b	18.1 b
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	247.2 a	367.5 a	203.5 de	45.7 bc	21.4 bc	17.4 b
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	225.1 a	392.9 a	285.0 cd	25.6 c	12.5 bc	8.9 bc
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	260.3 a	278.4 a	168.7 e	28.4 c	10.7 c	5.2 c
Average	241.8	356.0	345.5	105.6	154.0	182.1
CV (%)	12.3	14.7	9.6	12.8	2.91	2.34
	Ammonium-N (mg kg^-1)
T1 - Compost (C)	15.3 a	70.7 c	18.3 a	28.4 c	12.8 a	7.90 c
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	25.3 a	71.0 bc	25.3 a	33.4 c	1.81 b	7.48 c
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	24.9 a	77.9 bc	19.1 a	34.9 c	1.84 b	10.2 b
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	20.0 a	77.0 bc	16.6 a	42.5 c	2.75 b	5.38 d
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	26.8 a	78.8 bc	21.2 a	39.2 c	1.79 b	4.32 d
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	18.1 a	94.6 a	20.7 a	116.4 a	3.30 b	4.23 d
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	30.5 a	80.0 b	25.6 a	85.8 b	3.04 b	12.3 a
Average	23.0	78.4	21.0	54.4	3.91	7.40
CV (%)	30.5	3.7	17.3	16.3	28.7	8.5

Chemical characteristic	Days after bacterial inoculation in the compost
Chemical characteristic	0	30	60	102	151	183
pH (H₂O)	7.3	7.2	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.4
Total C (g kg^-1)	17.3	17.4	17.4	16.7	17.2	17.8
Total N (g kg^-1)	16.1	16.3	16.3	15.7	15.4	15.9
C:N	10.9	10.8	10.8	10.7	11.2	11.2
P (g kg^-1)	7.25	7.13	7.40	7.17	7.14	7.16
K (g kg^-1)	3.74	3.81	3.30	2.65	2.10	2.31
Ca (g kg^-1)	17.2	17.4	18.1	19.0	18.8	19.0
Mg (g kg^-1)	5.44	5.31	5.45	6.04	6.11	6.26
S (g kg^-1)	1.86	1.83	1.91	1.53	1.61	1.70
B (mg kg^-1)	303	282	289	322	325	319
Cu (mg kg^-1)	154	119	119	126	122	131
Mn (mg kg^-1)	1246	1215	1244	1326	1332	1325
Zn (mg kg^-1)	154	138	142	139	144	144

Treatments	SDW (g plant^-1 or m^-1)	AMF colonization (%)	Leaf N	Leaf P	Yield (kg ha^-1)
Treatments	SDW (g plant^-1 or m^-1)	AMF colonization (%)	(g kg^-1)		Yield (kg ha^-1)
	Corn
NC - No compost	14.8 a	-	29.8 a	3.02 a	4585 b
T1 - Compost (C)	13.8 a	27 c	30.2 a	2.98 a	5111 ab
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	14.6 a	33 bc	29.5 a	2.96 a	5103 ab
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	15.6 a	44 ab	28.6 a	2.83 a	5576 a
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	13.9 a	55 a	28.2 a	2.95 a	4820 ab
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	12.5 a	54 a	28.6 a	3.03 a	4366 b
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	12.4 a	51 a	28.1 a	2.92 a	4633 b
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	12.1 a	56 a	29.3 a	2.98 a	5035 ab
Average	13.7	46	29.0	2.96	4904
CV (%)	23.5	15.0	5.78	4.64	11.7
	Wheat
NC - No compost	58.7 a	-	38.5 a	2.21 abc	3043 ab
T1 - Compost (C)	58.7 a	26 b	35.5 a	2.28 a	3161 a
T2 - C + non-AMF brachiaria	63.5 a	33 b	36.2 a	2.10 c	2873 b
T3 - C + AMF brachiaria	56.3 a	50 a	34.7 a	2.11 bc	2926 b
T4 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azorhizobium	59.4 a	51 a	34.0 a	2.33 a	3161 a
T5 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azoarcus	58.7 a	50 a	32.3 a	2.26 ab	3132 a
T6 - C + AMF brachiaria + B. subtilis	52.0 a	49 a	33.8 a	2.24 abc	3195 a
T7 - C + AMF brachiaria + Azotobacter	52.6 a	52 a	35.7 a	2.19 abc	3181 a
Average	57.5	44	31.1	2.21	3084
CV (%)	26.8	13.8	9.57	5.27	7.34

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: marco.nogueira@embrapa.br

Brasil

Brasil

Enrichment of organic compost with beneficial microorganisms and yield performance of corn and wheat1 1 Research developed at Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brazil

Enriquecimento de composto orgânico com microrganismos benéficos e desempenho produtivo do milho e trigo

ABSTRACT

Enrichment of organic compost with beneficial microorganisms and yield performance of corn and wheat¹ 1 Research developed at Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brazil