Gráfico de correlações: Ferramenta para análise da dinâmica de parâmetros de qualidade da água

Rocha, Cézar H. B.; Casquin, Antoine P.; Pereira, Renata O.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n5p383-390

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ARTICLES • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 23 (5) • Maio 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n5p383-390 linkcopiar

Gráfico de correlações: Ferramenta para análise da dinâmica de parâmetros de qualidade da água

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A busca de técnicas estatísticas e/ou formas de representação gráfica que consigam explicar as correlações mais relevantes entre as variáveis limnológicas podem auxiliar na interpretação dos fenômenos atuantes naquele corpo d´água. O objetivo do artigo é propor uma representação gráfica das correlações entre variáveis limnológicas aplicada na bacia de contribuição da represa Dr. João Penido, em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram monitoradas seis seções mensalmente de maio de 2012 a abril de 2014, sendo analisados quinze parâmetros de qualidade da água e estes correlacionados estatisticamente. As correlações foram então representadas graficamente através do Programa Gephi 0.8.2-beta. Verificou-se a influência da matéria orgânica na qualidade da água, de origem natural e antrópica, oriundos de escoamento superficial das pastagens e do esgoto doméstico, observando uma piora nos parâmetros de qualidade da água com destaque para o nitrogênio e fósforo, oxigênio consumido, demanda química de oxigênio, turbidez e sólidos suspensos totais. Conclui-se que o gráfico de correlação auxilia no entendimento da dinâmica entre os parâmetros de qualidade da água do local analisado.

Palavras-chave:
recursos hídricos; variáveis limnológicas; bacia hidrográfica

Classes	Description
Forest	Class referring to plant physiognomy of the Atlantic Forest
Wetland	Area covered principally by Typha sp.
Urban area	Includes the roads and areas with land reclaimed for the provision of buildings and the buildings themselves
Reservoir	Refers to areas subject to the water storage due to the dam
Degraded Pasture	Areas where pasture is degraded by fire, overgrazing or erosion
Pasture	Undergrowth vegetation used by livestock

	pH	TSS	Cond	Tur	DO	OC	COD	BOD	NH₄	NO₂	NO₃	TN	PO₄	TP
P1
TSS	0.36
Cond	0.59**	-0.14
Tur	-0.16	-0.2	-0.13
DO	0.02	-0.03	-0.1	0.26
OC	0.38	-0.13	0.56**	-0.11	-0.03
COD	-0.36	-0.16	-0.19	0	-0.08	-0.06
BOD	-0.36	0.06	-0.25	-0.13	-0.08	-0.18	0.19
NH₄	0.17	0.02	0.22	-0.05	-0.11	0.31	0.05	-0.04
NO₂	-0.23	0.06	-0.22	-0.03	-0.33	-0.1	0.12	0.04	0.38
NO₃	0.3	-0.06	0.27	0.2	0.23	0.22	-0.16	-0.36	0.51**	0.36
TN	0.44*	-0.14	0.66**	0.01	0.12	0.51**	-0.23	-0.34	0.47*	0.09	0.83**
PO₄	0.25	0.08	0.07	-0.19	-0.21	0.48*	-0.23	0.03	-0.17	-0.04	-0.07	0.04
TP	0.05	0.23	0.06	-0.06	0.07	0.1	-0.36	-0.06	0.06	0.2	0.05	0.11	-0.11
E. coli	-0.07	0.08	-0.12	0.2	0.3	0.02	-0.09	-0.34	-0.21	-0.07	0.13	0.01	-0.1	-0.06
P2
TSS	-0.43*
Cond	0.62**	-0.2
Tur	-0.16	0.43*	-0.26
DO	0.27	-0.05	0.12	-0.22
OC	-0.16	0.26	-0.05	0.57**	-0.34
COD	-0.1	0.12	-0.24	0.24	-0.12	0.37
BOD	-0.07	0.04	-0.1	-0.03	-0.15	0.05	0.15
NH₄	-0.01	0.4	-0.04	0.56**	0.34	0.35	0.24	0.19
NO₂	-0.09	0.24	-0.18	0.52**	-0.16	0.52**	0.44*	0.16	0.60**
NO₃	-0.1	0.39	-0.23	0.68**	-0.19	0.65**	0.41	0	0.62**	0.91**
TN	0.17	0.19	0.12	0.36	-0.11	0.34	0.22	0.1	0.49*	0.65**	0.65**
PO₄	0.01	0.25	-0.04	-0.04	0.31	-0.18	-0.21	-0.14	0.03	0.18	0.1	-0.03
TP	-0.08	0.59**	-0.12	0.80**	0.02	0.53**	0.15	-0.04	0.74**	0.49*	0.64**	0.4	0.06
E. coli	-0.24	0.16	-0.13	0.44*	-0.17	0.19	0.17	-0.02	0.11	0	0.13	0.19	0.08	0.24
P3
TSS	-0.08
Cond	-0.16	-0.1
Tur	-0.07	0.3	0.14
DO	0.16	-0.17	-0.27	-0.51**
OC	-0.37*	0.11	0.27	0.37*	-0.3
COD	-0.01	0.16	-0.23	-0.06	0.09	-0.02
BOD	-0.04	0.02	-0.1	0.1	0.39*	-0.01	0.08
NH₄	0.04	0.02	0	-0.18	0.22	0.13	0.19	0.12
NO₂	0.07	0.36*	-0.21	0.33*	-0.03	-0.02	0.66**	0.23	0.40**
NO₃	-0.05	0.24	-0.07	0.61**	-0.42**	0.24	0.3	-0.05	0.12	0.72**
TN	0.11	0.21	0.14	0.66**	-0.33*	0.3	-0.02	0.06	0.24	0.42**	0.56**
PO₄	-0.11	0.35*	0.08	0.24	0.17	0.13	-0.07	0.43**	-0.08	0.04	0.05	0.07
TP	-0.2	0.05	-0.1	0.32	-0.11	0.40*	0.05	0.15	0.40**	0.32	0.22	0.45**	-0.03
E. coli	-0.28	0.04	0.33*	0.45**	-0.53**	0.78*	0	-0.06	-0.08	0.01	0.44**	0.29	0.09	0.16
P4
TSS	-0.12
Cond	0.48*	0.1
Tur	-0.07	0.68**	0.2
DO	0.17	0.09	0.39	-0.07
OC	-0.22	0.43*	-0.12	0.60**	-0.08
COD	-0.05	0.38	0	0.50**	-0.06	0.63**
BOD	0.03	0.27	0.11	0.18	-0.18	0.26	0.04
NH₄	-0.18	0.01	0.16	0.15	0.19	0.19	0.13	-0.05
NO₂	-0.16	0.39	0.27	0.73**	-0.32	0.55**	0.44*	0.26	0.34
NO₃	-0.22	0.04	0.18	0.38	-0.38	0.25	0.28	-0.07	0.17	0.79**
TN	-0.09	0.43**	0.48*	0.21	0.13	0.19	-0.01	0.29	0.3	0.53**	0.44*
PO₄	0.07	0.50**	0.26	0.87**	-0.18	0.47*	0.55**	0.09	0.17	0.73**	0.51**	0.19
TP	-0.08	0.68*	0.17	0.96**	-0.08	0.67**	0.51**	0.2	0.2	0.76**	0.37	0.28	0.80**
E. coli	-0.14	0.56*	-0.02	0.86**	-0.03	0.66**	0.41	0.16	0.02	0.50**	0.19	0.04	0.68**	0.86**
P5
TSS	0.05
Cond	0.23	-0.25
Tur	-0.03	0.54**	-0.03
DO	0.3	-0.29	0.26	-0.19
OC	0.1	0.23	0.17	0.62**	-0.27
COD	0.12	0.3	-0.14	0.26	-0.43*	0.41*
BOD	0.01	0.35	-0.39	-0.03	-0.37	0.04	0.33
NH₄	0.01	0.19	0.07	0.11	0.04	0.05	0.31	0.22
NO₂	0.01	0.24	-0.22	0.07	-0.3	0.14	0.3	0.02	-0.05
NO₃	-0.03	0.33	-0.11	0.46*	-0.4	0.34	0.48*	0.04	0.13	0.52**
TN	0.02	0.37	0.12	0.46*	-0.22	0.27	0.53**	0	0.53**	0.34	0.75**
PO₄	0.34	0.36	0.1	0.05	-0.35	0.17	0.33	0.48*	-0.03	0.18	0.22	0.2
TP	-0.05	0.44*	-0.12	0.77**	-0.04	0.4	0.42*	0.1	0.41*	0.05	0.43*	0.54**	-0.02
E. coli	-0.05	0.53**	-0.01	0.93**	-0.06	0.56**	0.15	-0.06	0.14	0.02	0.25	0.41	-0.03	0.72**
P6
pH	-0.05
TSS	-0.16	-0.21
Cond	0.13	-0.05	-0.05
Tur	0.14	0.32	0.32	0.28
DO	0.06	-0.46*	0.50*	0.04	-0.03
OC	-0.28	0	-0.03	0.09	0.04	-0.15
COD	-0.34	0.16	-0.12	0.31	-0.24	0.06	0.33
NH₄	-0.03	0.24	0.27	-0.06	0.04	0.24	0.27	0.2
NO₂	-0.27	0.53**	-0.08	-0.04	-0.3	0.25	0.42*	0.18	0.60**
NO₃	-0.31	0.48*	0.03	-0.08	-0.32	0.48*	0.22	0.04	0.34	0.72**
TN	-0.06	0.2	0.48*	0.03	0.25	0.53**	0.05	-0.15	0.49*	0.33	0.64**
PO₄	0.08	-0.14	-0.11	0.26	0.03	-0.07	-0.04	-0.09	-0.09	0.43*	-0.1	-0.25
TP	-0.02	0.06	-0.14	0.05	-0.22	-0.01	0.02	-0.14	0.31	0.3	0.06	-0.11	0.70**
E. coli	-0.06	0.01	0.01	0.06	0.35	0.27	-0.16	-0.24	-0.08	-0.07	0.19	0.3	-0.05	-0.14

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Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[TFN02] ** significant at p < 0.01; * significant at p < 0.05

[TFN03] P1 – Spring in the Atlantic Forest; P2 - Culvert in the mean course of the principal tributary under the road adjacent to the rural area; P3 - Culvert under State Highway AMG-3085 in the grazing area of the Burros stream in the reservoir; P4 – Culvert under Highway AMG-3085 in pasture area of the Grama stream; P5 - Outlet of the Vista Alegre stream in the rural area and P6 – Catchment to the Water Treatment Station (see Figure 2)