This research was performed to evaluate and introduce mathematical models to estimate head losses in zinc steel, galvanized iron and PVC tubes and diameters ranging from 2 to 6 inches. The total solid concentration of swine liquid manure was: 0.98, 2.08, 4.73, 7.69 and 8.56%. The methods based on the Universal equation using the Generalized Reynolds Number showed an adjustment worse than the ones obtained through the empirical equations proposed in this work. Those equations were established from Duff & Titchener and Modified Hazen-Williams methodologies and showed a better adjustment with coefficients of determinations above 0.98 and thus may be recommended for pumping projects.
head losses; non-newtonian fluid; effluent
