Agronomic aspects of soybean plants subjected to deficit irrigation

Nunes, Antônia C.; Bezerra, Francisco M. L.; Silva, Roberta A. e; Silva Júnior, José L. C. da; Gonçalves, Flávia B.; Santos, Geovana A.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p654-659

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SOIL, WATER AND PLANT MANAGEMENT • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 20 (7) • July 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p654-659 copy

Agronomic aspects of soybean plants subjected to deficit irrigation

Aspectos agronômicos de plantas de soja submetidas a déficit hídrico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of soybean plants subjected to irrigation management with controlled water deficits in different phenological stages. The research was conducted in an experimental area of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), in Palmas-TO, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, and treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme. The plots consisted of irrigation levels that induced plants to water deficit in the vegetative stage, reproductive stage and throughout the entire cycle, based on potential crop evapotranspiration (ETpc). The subplots corresponded to two soybean cultivars (M9144RR and TMG1288RR). The following agronomic variables were evaluated: days until flowering, days until maturation, plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, stem diameter, leaf area and yield. Irrigation management with moderate water deficit, 50% of ETpc, in the vegetative stage, promoted the best agronomic characteristics and contributed to increase the yield of the evaluated soybean cultivars, especially M9144RR.

Key words:
irrigation management; yield; Glycine max (L.) Merril

Chemical								Physical
P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	OM (g dm^-3)	pH (H₂O)	pH (CaCl₂)	Density (kg dm^-3)	Granulometry
(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)							Clay	Silt	Sand
(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)							g kg^-1
1.72	5.23	1.48	0.44	0.07	24.88	5.68	4.90	1.36	164.4	38.3	797.3

Treatment	Description
T1	Crop under water deficit along the entire cycle, irrigated with 25% ETpc
T2	Crop under water deficit along the entire cycle, irrigated with 50% ETpc
T3	Crop under no water deficit, irrigated with 100% ETpc
T4	Crop under water deficit of 25% ETpc during the vegetative stage, beginning the differentiation in V1
T5	Crop under water deficit of 50% ETpc during the vegetative stage, beginning the differentiation in V1
T6	Crop under water deficit of 25% ETpc during the reproductive stage, beginning the differentiation in R1
T7	Crop under water deficit of 50% ETpc during the reproductive stage, beginning the differentiation in R1

Treatment	Initial	VS		RS		Total
Treatment	M9144RR and TMG1288RR	M9144 RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288 RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR
T1	18.9	33.6	40.2	95.9	86.3	148.4	145.4
T2	18.9	71.2	80.5	185.9	194.0	276.0	293.3
T3	18.9	142.4	160.9	414.5	387.9	575.9	567.7
T4	18.9	33.6	40.2	426.3	387.9	478.8	447.0
T5	18.9	71.2	80.5	414.5	387.9	504.6	487.3
T6	18.9	142.4	160.9	93.0	86.3	254.3	266.1
T7	18.9	142.4	160.9	207.3	194.0	368.6	373.8

SV	DF	F test
SV	DF	DFl	DM	PH	FPH	NPP	SD	PH	Y
Blocks	3	4.52^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	2.12^ns ns Not significant;	7.97^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	3.16^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	0.91^ns ns Not significant;	4.06^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	-	0.13^ns ns Not significant;
Treatment (T)	6	20.41^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	44.68^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	33.81^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	66.51^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	191.7^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	64.41^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	23.49^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	124.28^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;
Residual (T)	18	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cultivar (C)	1	1564.97^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	46.17^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	3.81^ns ns Not significant;	10.51^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	2.03^ns ns Not significant;	74.69^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	5.05^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	19.61^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;
Interaction T x C	6	17.24^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	45.22^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	4.41^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	23.78^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	16.77^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	26.84^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	9.66^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	26.81^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;
Residual	21	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV - T (%)	-	0.37	2.46	7.39	4.48	5.10	4.39	11.24	14.2
CV - C (%)	-	0.45	0.92	6.21	3.54	7.99	4.17	10.00	8.73

Treatment^* * For details of treatment see Table 2; Means followed by the same letter (lowercase in columms and uppercase in rows) do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 0.05 probability level	Variable
	DFl		DM		PH (cm)		FPH (cm)
	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR
T1	41.0bB	47.0aA	98.7dB	101.5dA	48.7dA	47.7dA	17.7bA	14.2dB
T2	43.0aB	47.0aA	99.5dB	111.2cA	56.9cA	52.7dA	16.4bA	13.4dB
T3	43.0aB	46.0bA	116.0aA	114.2bB	65.2bB	78.9aA	14.1cB	21.5cA
T4	41.0bB	46.0bA	113.0bA	111.5cB	57.1cA	60.5cA	17.8bA	15.3dB
T5	43.0aB	47.0aA	114.2bB	116.7aA	59.6cA	62.5cA	14.5cA	14.9dA
T6	43.0aB	46.0bA	101.7cA	102.2dA	69.2bA	68.2bA	23.0aB	27.8bA
T7	43.0aB	47.0aA	112.7bA	111.2cB	73.8aA	74.1aA	23.6aB	29.9aA

Treatment^* * For details of treatment see Table 2; Means followed by the same letter (lowercase in columms and uppercase in rows) do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 0.05 probability level	Variable
	NPP		SD (mm)		LA (cm²)		Y (kg ha^-1)
	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR
T1	12.1 cB	28.4 bA	4.19 cB	5.09 cA	496.50 cA	631.05 cA	706.15 fA	918.65 fA
T2	24.1 bB	37.8 bA	5.71 bA	5.48 bA	645.90 dB	1302.39 aA	1,342.62 eB	2,326.05 dA
T3	56.7 aA	36.5 bB	6.70 aA	5.42 bB	2399.49 aA	1309.03 aB	4,781.99 bA	3,643.14 bB
T4	26.7 bA	24.4 cA	4.49 cA	4.43 dA	1276.58 bA	1065.83 bA	3,375.35 cA	2,672.80 cB
T5	53.8 aB	74.5 aA	6.56 aA	5.93 aB	2188.74 aA	1506.27 aB	5,271.26 aA	3,994.66 aB
T6	22.1 bA	14.7 cA	5.99 bA	4.46 dB	1431.45 bA	1024.69 bB	1,395.13 eA	1,636.30 eA
T7	24.7 bA	19.1 cA	5.68 bA	4.87 cB	1446.46 bA	1561.10 aA	1,994.51 dA	1,820.93 eA

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[1] clemildanunes@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author)