Figure 1
Adult males of Ascalorphne macrocerca (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.) (A) and Ascalorphne impavida (B) (Myrmeleontidae: Ascalaphinae: Ululodini). Photos: Lucas Rubio.
Figure 2
Ascalaphus macrocercus Burmeister, 1839 [= Ascalorphne macrocerca (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.)], lectotype, female, MCZ. A) Fore and hind wing B) Body, dorsal; C) Body, lateral; D) Antennal club; E) Head, frontal; F) Labels.
Figure 3
Terminalia /genitalia of Ascalorphne macrocerca (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.). Male (A-D): A) Terminalia, lateral view; B) Idem, ventral view; C) Gonarcus-paramere complex, ventral view; D) Idem, lateral view. Female (E-F): E) Lateral view; F) Ventral view. D: distivalve, E: ectoproct, GX: gonocoxite, L: liguella, P: pelta, PU: pulvinus, S: sternite T: tergite, SP: spermatheca.
Figure 7
Abdomen of gravid females of A) Ascalorphne impavida (Walker, 1853Walker, F., 1853. List of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Br. Museum, London, 476 pp.); and B) Ascalorphne macrocerca (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.), showing the fertilized eggs and the repagula. E: fertilized eggs, R: repagula.
Figure 15
Ventral view of the male and female terminalia of neotropical tribes of Ascalaphinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Males terminalia (A-E): A) Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833), the gonarcus-paramere complex is removed; B) Fillus amazonicus Machado & Rafael, 2011; C) Haploglenius costatus (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.); D) Albardia furcata van der Weele, 1903; E) Ululodes sp. Smith, 1900. Female terminalia (F-J). From left to right, in the same species order as above; except for J) Ascalorphne macrocerca (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.). D: distivalve, E: ectoproct, GX: gonocoxite, I: interdens, L: liguella, P: pulvinus, S: sternite, T: tergite.
Figure 18
Antennal pilosity of males of Ascalorphne Banks, 1915 and Ameropterus dissimilis (McLachlan, 1871McLachlan, R., 1871. An attempt towards a systematic classification of the family Ascalaphidae. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 11, 219-276.). A) Ascalorphne impavida (Walker, 1853Walker, F., 1853. List of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Br. Museum, London, 476 pp.); B) Ascalorphne umbrina (Gerstaecker, 1894Gerstaecker, C. E. A., 1894. Ueber neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm. Mitt. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Neu-Vorpommern Rugen. 25, 93-173.); C) Ascalorphne macrocerca (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.); D) Ameropterus dissimilis.
Figure 12
Distribution map of the genus Ascalorphne Banks, 1915 (Myrmeleontidae: Ascalaphinae: Ululodini).
Figure 4
Ascalaphus impavidus Walker, 1853 (= Ascalorphne impavida (Walker, 1853Walker, F., 1853. List of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Br. Museum, London, 476 pp.)), holotype, male, NHMUK: A) Fore and hind wing; B) Body, dorsal; C) Body, lateral; D) Antennal club; E) Head, frontal; F) Labels.
Figure 6
Terminalia/genitalia of Ascalorphne impavida (Walker, 1853Walker, F., 1853. List of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Br. Museum, London, 476 pp.). Male (A-D): A) Terminalia, lateral view; B) Idem, ventral view; C), Gonarcus-paramere complex, ventral view; D) Idem, lateral view. Female (E-F): E) Lateral view; F) Ventral view. D: distivalve, E: ectoproct, GX: gonocoxite, L: liguella, P: pelta, PU: pulvinus, S: sternite T: tergite.
Figure 14
Labium and labial palps of the neotropical tribes of Ascalaphinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). A) Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833); B) Fillus amazonicus (Machado & Rafael, 2011Machado, R. J. P., Rafael, J. A., 2011. A new species of Fillus Navás, 1919 (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 2907, 22-28.); C) Haploglenius costatus (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.); D) Albardia furcata van der Weele, 1903; E) Ascalorphne impavida (Walker, 1853Walker, F., 1853. List of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Br. Museum, London, 476 pp.).
Figure 5
Ascalaphus intempestivus Walker, 1853 (= Ascalorphne impavida (Walker, 1853Walker, F., 1853. List of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Br. Museum, London, 476 pp.)), holotype, female, NHMUK: A) Fore and hind wing; B) Body, dorsal; C) Body, lateral; D) Antennal club; E) Head, frontal; F) Labels.
Figure 8
Orphne umbrina Gerstaecker, 1894 [= Ascalorphne umbrina (Gerstaecker, 1894Gerstaecker, C. E. A., 1894. Ueber neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm. Mitt. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Neu-Vorpommern Rugen. 25, 93-173.)], lectotype, male, ZIMUG. A) Fore and hind wing B) Body, dorsal; C) Body, lateral; D) Abdomen, lateral view; Antennal club; E) Head, frontal; F) Labels.
Figure 11
Terminalia/genitalia of Ascalorphne umbrina (Gerstaecker, 1894Gerstaecker, C. E. A., 1894. Ueber neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm. Mitt. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Neu-Vorpommern Rugen. 25, 93-173.). Male (A-D): A) Terminalia, lateral view; B) Idem, ventral view; C) Gonarcus-paramere complex, ventral view; D) Idem, lateral view. Female (E-F): E) Lateral view; F) Ventral view. D: distivalve, E: ectoproct, GX: gonocoxite, L: liguella, P: pelta, PU: pulvinus, S: sternite T: tergite.
Figure 9
Orphne umbrina Gerstaecker, 1894 [= Ascalorphne umbrina (Gerstaecker, 1894Gerstaecker, C. E. A., 1894. Ueber neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm. Mitt. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Neu-Vorpommern Rugen. 25, 93-173.)], paralectotype, female, ZIMUG. A) Fore and hind wing; B) Body, dorsal; C) Body, lateral; D) Antennal club; E) Head, frontal; F) Labels.
Figure 10
Orphne leisewitzi Navás, 1911 [= Ascalorphne umbrina (Gerstaecker, 1894Gerstaecker, C. E. A., 1894. Ueber neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm. Mitt. Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Neu-Vorpommern Rugen. 25, 93-173.)], holotype, female, ZSM. A) Fore and hind wing; B) Body, dorsal; C) Body, lateral; D) Antennal club; E) Head, frontal; F) Labels.
Figure 13
Phylogenetic tree of Neotropical Ascalaphinae. Most parsimonious and unique tree (number of steps=68, consistency index=69, retention index=79) obtained through the traditional search with implicit weighing (K=3). Numbers above the circles indicate the character and below, the state; unequivocal changes (black circles) and reversals or multiple changes (white circles); relative Bremer support (dark blue) and values of bootstrap with Poisson distribution (light blue).
Figure 16
Position of the spiracle 8 in Albardia furcata van der Weele, 1903 female, lateral view. D: distivalve, E: ectoproct, GX: gonocoxite, L: liguella, T: tergite, Arrow: spiracle 8.
Figure 17
Gonarcus-paramere complex of the neotropical tribes of Ascalaphinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), ventral view. A) Dimares elegans (Perty, 1833); B) Fillus amazonicus Machado & Rafael, 2011; C) Haploglenius costatus (Burmeister, 1839Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band [=Vol. 2 (of 2)], Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abtheilung [=Part 2], Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (Zweite [=2nd] Hälfte; vulgo Neuroptera). Theodor Christian Friedrich. Enslin. 12, 757-1050.); D) Albardia furcata van der Weele, 1903; E) Ululodes sp. 1 Smith, 1900. GX: gonocoxite, P: pelta.