A revision of the subgenera Euhyboma Kolbe, 1893, Parahyboma Paulian, 1938, and Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1939 of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

This paper provides a revision of the three smallest subgenera of Deltochilum, all endemic to the Atlantic Forest of South America. Deltochilum (Euhyboma) and D. (Rubrohyboma) are monospecific taxa, composed of D. brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840) and D. rubripenne (Gory, 1831), respectively, whereas D. (Parahyboma) is composed of two allopatric species, D. furcatum (Castelnau, 1840) and D. granulosum Paulian, 1933. Lectotypes for D. brasiliense and D. rubripenne are designated. Each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, a diagnosis, description, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of material examined, and geographic distribution. An improved identification key to the subgenera of Deltochilum is presented.

Keywords:
Atlantic rainforest; Deltochilini; Dung beetles; Taxonomy; Identification key

Authorship

Everton E. Nazaré-Silva ^**Corresponding author.E-mail: evertonensilva@gmail.com (E.E. Nazaré-Silva).

Universidade Federal do Pará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do ParáBrasilBelém, PA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Pará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Belém, PA, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-0395

Fernando A. B. Silva

Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UAST), Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoBrasilSerra Talhada, PE, BrasilUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UAST), Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil.

*Corresponding author.E-mail: evertonensilva@gmail.com (E.E. Nazaré-Silva).

Associate Editor: Lúcia Almeida

Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

All authors contributed to taxonomic revision and decisions in this work. EENS: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing- Original draft preparation. FABS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Resources, Supervision, Writing- Reviewing and Editing.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (11)

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Fig 1
Details of the external morphology in species of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822. (A) Head in Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) trisignatum Harold, 1881. (B) Head in D. (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840Castelnau, C., 1840. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coléoptères. Tome deuxième. Histoire Naturelle des animaux articulées, crustacés, arachnides, myriapode et insectes. Tome troisième, P. Duméril, Paris, 546 pp.). (C) Surface of third elytral interstria in D. brasiliense (arrows indicate details of microsculpture. Yellow: foveiform punctures; white: microtubercles; green: granulation). (D–F) Lateral view of elytra in species of Deltochilum (white arrows indicate carina of ninth elytral interstria; yellow arrow indicate pseudoepipleural carina lacking at basal part of elytra). (D) D. brasiliense. (E) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840). (F) D. (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). (G–H) Details of elytral surface. (G) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum. (H) D. (Parahyboma) granulosum. Figures scale: A, B, G, H (1 mm); C (0,5 mm); D–F (2 mm).

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Fig. 5
Deltochilum (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Metafemur of females (arrow indicates posterior edge not expanded). (D) Metafemur of males (arrow indicates posterior edge expanded). (E) Protibia of females, ventral view. (F) Protibia of males, ventral view. Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–F (1 mm).

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Fig. 8
Type specimens in Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 and label data. (A) Lectotype of D. brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (B) Lectotype of D. rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). (C) Holotype of D. granulosum Paulian, 1933. (D) Potencial syntype of D. furcatum (Castelnau, 1840). Photos by Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello.

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Fig. 2
Deltochilum (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Details of abdominal ventrites of females. (D) Details of abdominal ventrites of males (diagonal carina pointed). (E) Metatibia of females (F) Metatibia of males (lobes pointed). (G) Protibia of females, ventral view. (H) Protibia of males, ventral view. Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–H (1 mm).

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Fig. 3
Deltochilum (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Protibia of females, ventral view. (D) Protibia of males, ventral view. (E) Metatibia of females (arrow indicates longitudinal carina). (F) Metatibia of males (arrow indicates longitudinal row of tubercles). Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–F (1 mm).

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Fig. 6
Aedeagus in species of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. (A) D. (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (B) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840) (arrows indicate apical projection of paramere shorter and more pointed in comparison to that of D. granulosum). (C) D. (Parahyboma) granulosum Paulian, 1933 (arrows indicate apical projection of parameres slightly rounded). (D) D. (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.) (arrows indicate a tuft of setae at the parameres apex). Figures scale: A (2 mm); B–D (1 mm).

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Fig. 7
Endophallites in species of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822. Lamella Copulatrix (LC). Frontolateral Peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Superior Right Peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Complex of Axial and Subaxial (A+SA) sclerite. (A) D. (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (B) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840) (arrow indicates mid-apical region of the SRP cable strongly curved outward). (C) D. (Parahyboma) granulosum Paulian, 1933. (D) D. (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). Figures scale: A–D (0,5 mm).

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Fig. 4
Deltochilum (Parahyboma) granulosumPaulian, 1933Paulian, R., 1933. Coprophages américains nouveaux ou peu connus. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 38, 204-205.. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Protibia of females, ventral view. (D) Protibia of males, ventral view. (E) Elytral apex of females (arrow indicates seventh elytral interstria lacking carina). (F) Elytral apex of males (carina of seventh elytral interstria pointed). Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–F (1 mm).

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Fig. 9
Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Euhyboma) Kolbe, 1893.

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Fig. 10
Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Parahyboma) Paulian, 1938.

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Fig. 11
Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Rubrohyboma) Paulian, 1938.

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Fig. 9
Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Euhyboma) Kolbe, 1893.

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Fig. 10
Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Parahyboma) Paulian, 1938.

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Fig. 11
Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Rubrohyboma) Paulian, 1938.

Fig 1 Details of the external morphology in species of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822. (A) Head in Deltochilum (Aganhyboma) trisignatum Harold, 1881. (B) Head in D. (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840Castelnau, C., 1840. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coléoptères. Tome deuxième. Histoire Naturelle des animaux articulées, crustacés, arachnides, myriapode et insectes. Tome troisième, P. Duméril, Paris, 546 pp.). (C) Surface of third elytral interstria in D. brasiliense (arrows indicate details of microsculpture. Yellow: foveiform punctures; white: microtubercles; green: granulation). (D–F) Lateral view of elytra in species of Deltochilum (white arrows indicate carina of ninth elytral interstria; yellow arrow indicate pseudoepipleural carina lacking at basal part of elytra). (D) D. brasiliense. (E) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840). (F) D. (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). (G–H) Details of elytral surface. (G) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum. (H) D. (Parahyboma) granulosum. Figures scale: A, B, G, H (1 mm); C (0,5 mm); D–F (2 mm).

Fig. 5 Deltochilum (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Metafemur of females (arrow indicates posterior edge not expanded). (D) Metafemur of males (arrow indicates posterior edge expanded). (E) Protibia of females, ventral view. (F) Protibia of males, ventral view. Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–F (1 mm).

Fig. 8 Type specimens in Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 and label data. (A) Lectotype of D. brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (B) Lectotype of D. rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). (C) Holotype of D. granulosum Paulian, 1933. (D) Potencial syntype of D. furcatum (Castelnau, 1840). Photos by Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello.

Fig. 2 Deltochilum (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Details of abdominal ventrites of females. (D) Details of abdominal ventrites of males (diagonal carina pointed). (E) Metatibia of females (F) Metatibia of males (lobes pointed). (G) Protibia of females, ventral view. (H) Protibia of males, ventral view. Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–H (1 mm).

Fig. 3 Deltochilum (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Protibia of females, ventral view. (D) Protibia of males, ventral view. (E) Metatibia of females (arrow indicates longitudinal carina). (F) Metatibia of males (arrow indicates longitudinal row of tubercles). Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–F (1 mm).

Fig. 6 Aedeagus in species of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. (A) D. (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (B) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840) (arrows indicate apical projection of paramere shorter and more pointed in comparison to that of D. granulosum). (C) D. (Parahyboma) granulosum Paulian, 1933 (arrows indicate apical projection of parameres slightly rounded). (D) D. (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.) (arrows indicate a tuft of setae at the parameres apex). Figures scale: A (2 mm); B–D (1 mm).

Fig. 7 Endophallites in species of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822. Lamella Copulatrix (LC). Frontolateral Peripheral (FLP) sclerite. Superior Right Peripheral (SRP) sclerite. Complex of Axial and Subaxial (A+SA) sclerite. (A) D. (Euhyboma) brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840). (B) D. (Parahyboma) furcatum (Castelnau, 1840) (arrow indicates mid-apical region of the SRP cable strongly curved outward). (C) D. (Parahyboma) granulosum Paulian, 1933. (D) D. (Rubrohyboma) rubripenne (Gory, 1831Gory, H. L., 1831. [Description of] Hyboma rubripennis. Magazin. Zool. 1, 37.). Figures scale: A–D (0,5 mm).

Fig. 4 Deltochilum (Parahyboma) granulosumPaulian, 1933Paulian, R., 1933. Coprophages américains nouveaux ou peu connus. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 38, 204-205.. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Protibia of females, ventral view. (D) Protibia of males, ventral view. (E) Elytral apex of females (arrow indicates seventh elytral interstria lacking carina). (F) Elytral apex of males (carina of seventh elytral interstria pointed). Figures scale: A–B (5 mm); C–F (1 mm).

Fig. 9 Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Euhyboma) Kolbe, 1893.

Fig. 10 Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Parahyboma) Paulian, 1938.

Fig. 11 Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Rubrohyboma) Paulian, 1938.

Fig. 9 Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Euhyboma) Kolbe, 1893.

Fig. 10 Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Parahyboma) Paulian, 1938.

Fig. 11 Collecting records of subgenus Deltochilum (Rubrohyboma) Paulian, 1938.

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A revision of the subgenera Euhyboma Kolbe, 1893, Parahyboma Paulian, 1938, and Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1939 of Deltochilum Eschscholtz, 1822 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

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[1] *Corresponding author.E-mail: evertonensilva@gmail.com (E.E. Nazaré-Silva).