Predatory capacity and intraguild interaction between aphidophagous predators in the control of rose bush aphids

Tamashiro, Luiza Akemi Gonçalves; Bezerra, Carlos Eduardo Souza; Sousa, Ana Luiza Viana de; Pereira, Luiz Paulo Silvério; Pereira, Laodicéia Lopes; Silva, Alessandra de Carvalho; Souza, Brígida

doi:10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0107

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Articles • Rev. Bras. entomol. 67 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0107 copy

Predatory capacity and intraguild interaction between aphidophagous predators in the control of rose bush aphids

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Meneville) are voracious generalist predators, and important aphid control agents. In an environment containing a complex of species, the occurrence of intraguild interactions can interfere in the predator behavior and consumption. The aim of this work was to know the number of nymphs of Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) and Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) consumed by larvae of C. externa and H. convergens, and the interaction between these predators when confined together. First, second and third instar nymphs of R. porosum and M. rosae were provided in Petri dishes containing rose leaflets and second instar larvae of the predators. Intraguild interaction was studied in Petri dishes containing first instar nymphs of both aphid species and a second instar larva of C. externa plus one of H. convergens. A third treatment consisted of dishes containing a second instar larva of both predators maintained in the absence of prey. The evaluations took place throughout the entire instar of the predators. C. externa consumed a greater number of R. porosum nymphs and H. convergens a greater number of M. rosae nymphs. For both species of prey, the highest consumption was verified on the last day of evaluation. There was a positive interaction when the predator’s larvae were confined in the presence of aphid nymphs, with no mortality observed for any of them. In the absence of prey, there was 70% mortality of H. convergens larvae due to intraguild predation.

Keywords:
Chrysopidae; Coccinellidae; Biological Control

Category	Description
P (stopped)	The predator does not move
R (preying)	The predator feed on the available prey
L (cleaning/grooming)	The predator cleans its mouthparts
B (searching)	The predator search for the prey
I (IGP)	One predator feeds on the other (there’s mortality)
T (attempted to IGP)	One predator attacks the other (there’s no mortality)

Aphid species	Aphid instar	Average number of aphids predated during the second instar of the predator
Aphid species	Aphid instar	1^st day	2^nd day	3^rd day	4^th day	Total average
R. porosum	1^st instar	54.2±0.62Ad	62.5±0.50Ac	70.7±0.47Ab	76.0±0.63Aa	263.4^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	2^nd instar	42.5±0.56Bd	52.0±0.53Bc	61.0±0.25Bb	67.1±0.40Ba	222.6^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	3^rd instar	30.1±0.56Cd	36.1±0.37Cc	42.6±0.37Cb	47.1±0.37Ca	155.9^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
M. rosae	1^st instar	48.5±0.50Ad	58.6±0.61Ac	68.4±0.60Ab	73.5±0.54Aa	249.0^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	2^nd instar	40.8±0.62Bd	47.2±0.48Bc	53.5±0.37Bb	58.1±0.54Ba	199.6^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	3^rdinstar	33.4±0.61Cd	38.3±0.59Cc	42.9±0.64Cb	47.5±0.76Ca	162.1^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.

Aphid species	Aphid instar	Average number of aphids predated during the second instar of the predator
Aphid species	Aphid instar	1^st dia	2^nd dia	3^rd dia	Total average
R. porosum	1^st instar	49.1±0.45Ac	59.3±0.42Ab	69.0±0.39Aa	177.4^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	2^nd instar	36.8±0.59Bc	46.3±0.55Bb	53.4±0.49Ba	136.5^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	3^rd instar	27.4±0.42Cc	32.8±0.35Cb	38.7±0.47Ca	98.9^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
M. rosae	1^st instar	51.3±0.63Ac	62.1±0.52Ab	71.0±0.51Aa	184.4^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	2^nd instar	41.4±0.54Bc	50.8±0.53Bb	58.1±0.48Ba	150.3^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.
	3^rdinstar	24.8±0.59Cc	28.3±0.47Cb	31.5±0.68Ca	84.6^* * Significant differences between the average total consumption in the first, second and third instar between each aphid species, according to the t test, p<0.05.

Predator	Aphid instar
Predator	1^st instar¹	2^nd instar¹ 1 Significant differences between means, the according to the t test, p <0.05.	3^rd instar¹ 1 Significant differences between means, the according to the t test, p <0.05.	Daily average¹ 1 Significant differences between means, the according to the t test, p <0.05.
C. externa ² 2 Consumption period (second instar): four days for Chrysoperla externa (Chrysopidae) and three days for Hippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae).	65.85±0.40	55.65±0.34	38.98±0.36	53.49
H. convergens ² 2 Consumption period (second instar): four days for Chrysoperla externa (Chrysopidae) and three days for Hippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae).	59.13±0.36	45.50±0.35	32.97±0.40	45.87

Predator	Aphid instar
Predator	1^st instar	2^nd instar	3^rd instar¹ 1 Significant differences between means, the according to the t test, p <0.05.	Daily average
C. externa ² 2 Consumption period (second instar): four days for Chrysoperla externa (Chrysopidae) and three days for Hippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae).	62.25±0.49	49.90±0.41	40.53±0.61	50.89
H. convergens ² 2 Consumption period (second instar): four days for Chrysoperla externa (Chrysopidae) and three days for Hippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae).	61.47±0.29	50.10±0.33	28.20±0.27	46.59

Aphid species	Predator	24-hour consumption
Rhodobium porosum	Chrysoperla externa	54.20 c
	Hippodamia convergens	49.10 d
	Sum of individual averages	103.30 b
	Predators released together	119.50 a
Macrosiphum rosae	Chrysoperla externa	51.30 c
	Hippodamia convergens	48.50 c
	Sum of individual averages	99.80 b
	Predators released together	107.20 a

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: luiza.gtamashiro@gmail.com (L.A.G. Tamashiro).