Risk and protection factors for cardiovascular diseases among adults of
               Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Silva, Solanyara Maria da; Luiz, Ronir Raggio; Pereira, Rosangela Alves

doi:10.1590/1980-5497201500020011

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Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 18 (2) • Apr-Jun 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201500020011 copy

Risk and protection factors for cardiovascular diseases among adults of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

INTRODUCTION:

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and hospital expenses in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the temporal variation on risk and protective factors for cardiovascular diseases in adults (≥18 years old).

METHODS:

Data were obtained from population-based telephone surveys carried out between 2006 and 2009 in Cuiabá, the capital of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The prevalence of smoking, alcohol abuse, markers of diet quality consumption, physical activities, leisure, domestic work, and commute was estimated. Statistical significance of temporal variations in these estimators was estimated by logistic regression models, whose dependent variables were the analyzed risk factors (absent = 0; present = 1) and independent variable was the year of the survey.

RESULTS:

There was an increase in the proportion of men who reported to never have smoked (from 53 to 61%, p = 0.04). The frequency of regular soft drink consumption was reduced by 23% (p < 0.01). Overall, the reference to the consumption of fruits and vegetables increased by 19% (p = 0.02), and among men this increase was clearer (49%; p < 0.01). There was a reduction in domestic work (p < 0.01) and in leisure physical activity among women (from 14 to 10%; p = 0.02). Conversely, there was an increase in the proportion of women and individuals older than 40 years of age who make active commuting every day.

CONCLUSION:

Favorable changes in cardiovascular risk and protective factors were mostly observed among men, young adults, and those with more than eight schooling years.

Cardiovascular diseases; Interview; Food consumption; Motor activity; Alcoholic beverages; Risk factors; Smoking

Risk and protective factors*	2006	2007	2008	2009	OR	p-value^†
Risk and protective factors*	%	%	%	%	OR	p-value^†
Smoking
Never smoked	64	62	62	68	1.06	0.09
Smoker	5	5	5	3	0.89	0.10
Abusive consumption of alcohol	19	21	20	18	0.97	0.53
Dietary habits
Meat with visible fat	–	32	33	32	1.00	0.98
Chicken with skin	–	25	27	28	1.09	0.13
Soft drinks ≥ 5 times a week	–	34	30	26	0.83	< 0.01
FVGs ≥ 5 times a week	–	23	28	27	1.12	0.02
Beans ≥ 5 times a week	85	78	82	82	0.98	0.53
Physical activity
Active in leisure	17	15	16	15	0.96	0.34
Active at work	46	46	43	46	0.99	0.67
Active commute	13	10	11	16	1.11	0.08
Active in the household	50	49	36	39	0.83	< 0.01

Risk and protective factors*	2006	2007	2008	2009	OR	p-value^†	2006	2007	2008	2009	OR	p-value^†
Risk and protective factors*	Men (%)				OR	p-value^†	Women (%)				OR	p-value^†
Smoking
Never smoked	53	50	51	61	1.11	0.04	73	72	72	74	1.01	0.83
Smoker	7	7	8	4	0.90	0.27	3	3	2	2	0.85	0.18
Abusive consumption of alcohol	32	33	32	27	0.93	0.14	7	10	10	10	1.09	0.15
Dietary habits
Meat with visible fat	–	42	42	41	0.99	0.86	–	23	24	24	1.02	0.81
Chicken with skin	–	33	33	36	1.07	0.43	–	18	21	22	1.12	0.15
Soft drinks ≥ 5 times a week	–	36	35	29	0.81	≤ 0.01	–	32	25	27	0.85	0.05
FVGs ≥ 5 times a week	–	15	20	22	1.26	≤ 0.01	–	31	34	33	1.05	0.48
Beans ≥ 5 times a week	89	84	87	86	0.94	0.25	80	73	79	79	1.00	0.94
Physical activity
Active in leisure	20	19	22	21	1.02	0.74	14	11	10	10	0.87	0.02
Active at work	58	56	51	60	1.00	0.92	36	37	36	34	0.97	0.45
Active commute	15	15	12	16	1.00	0.95	11	6	9	17	1.23	< 0.01
Active in the household	27	24	16	15	0.75	≤ 0.01	71	72	55	61	0.82	≤ 0.01

Risk and protective factors*	2006	2007	2008	2009	OR	p-value^†	2006	2007	2008	2009	OR	p-value^†
Risk and protective factors*	≤ 40 years old (%)				OR	p-value^†	> 40 years old (%)				OR	p-value^†
Smoking
Never smoked	69	69	66	77	1.11	0.04	55	49	53	52	0.98	0.58
Smoker	5	4	4	3	0.84	0.13	5	6	7	4	0.95	0.55
Abusive consumption of alcohol	21	25	24	19	0.97	0.53	15	15	13	15	0.99	0.81
Dietary habits
Meat with visible fat	–	34	36	36	1.03	0.66	–	28	27	25	0.93	0.32
Chicken with skin	–	26	27	30	1.10	0.23	–	23	26	26	1.07	0.33
Soft drinks ≥ 5 times a week	–	42	36	31	0.80	≤ 0.01	–	19	18	16	0.89	0.15
FVGs ≥ 5 times a week	–	20	25	23	1.11	0.18	–	29	33	34	1.15	0.01
Beans ≥ 5 times a week	87	80	84	83	0.95	0.33	81	76	79	81	1.02	0.70
Physical activity
Active in leisure	18	15	16	16	0.96	0.49	15	16	16	13	0.96	0.38
Active at work	48	49	46	49	1.00	0.96	44	41	37	42	0.96	0.26
Active commute	16	10	11	18	1.06	0.43	7	11	11	14	1.20	≤ 0.01
Active in the household	50	49	36	40	0.83	≤ 0.01	49	49	36	37	0.82	≤ 0.01

Risk and protective factors*	2006	2007	2008	2009	OR	p-value	2006	2007	2008	2009	OR	p-value^†
Risk and protective factors*	< 8 schooling years (%)				OR	p-value	≥ 8 schooling years (%)				OR	p-value^†
Smoking
Never smoked	53	49	45	60	1.07	0.28	69	69	71	72	1.05	0.20
Smoker	7	5	10	3	0.91	0.43	4	5	2	3	0.87	0.11
Abusive consumption of alcohol	16	19	19	14	0.95	0.53	21	22	21	20	0.98	0.74
Dietary habits
Meat with visible fat	–	33	33	29	0.90	0.36	–	31	33	33	1.06	0.36
Chicken with skin	–	29	27	23	0.88	0.23	–	23	26	31	1.22	< 0.01
Soft drinks ≥ 5 times a week	–	29	27	21	0.80	0.08	–	36	31	29	0.84	< 0.01
FVGs ≥ 5 times a week	–	19	23	23	1.13	0.25	–	25	30	30	1.12	0.04
Beans ≥ 5 times a week	87	81	87	84	0.97	0.74	84	77	80	81	0.98	0.61
Physical activity
Active in leisure	13	9	9	8	0.84	0.10	19	18	19	18	0.99	0.93
Active at work	51	46	39	44	0.89	0.07	44	46	45	48	1.04	0.25
Active commute	15	14	14	17	1.06	0.55	12	9	9	16	1.14	0.07
Active in the household	53	54	38	42	0.83	< 0.01	49	46	36	37	0.83	< 0.01

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[1] Corresponding author: Rosangela Alves Pereira. Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, CEP: 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: roapereira@ufrj.br; roapereira@gmail.com