Factors associated with musculoskeletal pain among teachers:
               sociodemographics aspects, general health and well-being at work

Ceballos, Albanita Gomes da Costa de; Santos, Gustavo Barreto

doi:10.1590/1980-5497201500030015

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 18 (3) • Sept 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201500030015 copy

Factors associated with musculoskeletal pain among teachers: sociodemographics aspects, general health and well-being at work

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

INTRODUCTION:

Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most frequent complaints among teachers, compromising their health and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among teachers, assessing their occurrence according to sociodemographic characteristics, general health and well-being at work.

METHODS:

An exploratory cross-sectional study conducted with 525 teachers. During activities of continuing education, the teachers completed a self-administered questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic factors, general health, well-being at work and musculoskeletal pain.

RESULTS:

The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was equal to 73.5%. The most common musculoskeletal pains were localized in the shoulders (31.6%), upper back (27.8%), neck (27.2%) and ankles and/or feet (24.0%). Circulatory and respiratory problems and Common Mental Disorders were associated with pain in the shoulders, upper back, neck and ankles and/or feet. Well- being at work is associated with pain in the shoulders, neck and ankles and/or feet.

CONCLUSION:

It is necessary to deepen the knowledge about musculoskeletal pain among teachers, exploring the biological, ergonomic, occupational and psychosocial mechanisms of teaching, as well as invest in practices that improve the relationship of coexistence between workers and activities that enhance the comfort and reduce referred pain.

Work; Occupational health; Musculoskeletal system; Musculoskeletal pain; Teaching; Faculty

Variable	n = 525	%
Gender
Female	452	86.1
Male	73	13.9
Self-reported Skin color
Brown or black	379	72.2
White	146	27.8
Age
> 40 years	226	43.0
≤ 40 years	299	57.0
Schooling
Graduate studies (complete or ongoing)	244	46.5
Post-Graduate studies	281	53.5
Per Capita income
≤ 1.000,00	418	79.6
> 1.000,00	107	20.4
Work experience
> 10 years	306	58.3
≤ 10 years	219	41.7

Variable	n = 525	%
Diabetes
Yes	18	3.4
No	507	96.6
Arterial hypertension
Yes	97	18.5
No	428	81.5
Allergies
Yes	249	47.5
No	276	52.6
Digestive problems
Yes	168	32.0
No	357	68.0
Circulatory problems
Yes	189	36.0
No	336	64.0
Vocal problems
Yes	262	49.9
No	263	50.1
Breathing problems
Yes	120	22.9
No	405	77.1
CMD
Suspected	195	37.1
Not Suspected	330	62.9
BMI
Obese (BMI > 29.9)	71	13.5
Pre-obese (BMI 25.0 – 29.9)	135	25.7
Normal weight (BMI 18.5 – 24.9)	298	56.8
Low weight (BMI < 18.5)	21	4.0
Alcohol consumption
Yes	197	37.5
No	328	62.5
Smoking
Yes	52	9.9
No	473	90.1
Well-being at work
Low	203	38.7
Moderate to high	322	61.3

Variable*	n	%
Pain complaint
No (no complaints)	139	26.5
Yes (one or more complaints)	386	73.5
Neck
No	382	72.8
Yes	143	27.2
Shoulders
No	359	68.4
Yes	166	31.6
Upper back
No	379	72.2
Yes	146	27.8
Elbows
No	502	95.6
Yes	23	4.4
Wrists/hands
No	431	82.1
Yes	94	17.9
Low back
No	429	81.7
Yes	96	18.3
Hips/thighs
No	467	89.0
Yes	58	11.0
Knees
No	430	81.9
Yes	95	18.1
Ankles/feet
No	399	76.0
Yes	126	24.0

Variable	Shoulders				Upper back				Neck				Ankle/feet
Variable	Yes	No	PR	95%CI	Yes	No	PR	95%CI	Yes	No	PR	95%CI	Yes	No	PR	95%CI
Gender
Female	147	305	1.25	0.83 – 1.88	135	317	1.98	1.12 – 3.47	131	321	1.76	1.03 – 3.01	113	339	1.40	0.83 –2.35
Male	19	54	1.00		11	62	1.00		12	61	1.00		13	60	1.00
Skin color
Brown or black	142	255	1.06	0.93 – 1.19	116	263	1.14	1.03 – 1.27	111	268	1.10	1.01 –1.23	97	282	1.07	0.97 – 1.19
White	42	104	1.00		30	116	1.00		32	114	1.00		29	117	1.00
Age
> 40 years	68	158	0.96	0.85 – 1.08	63	163	1.00	0.90 – 1.11	48	178	0.87	0.78 – 0.96	68	158	1.15	1.04 – 1.28
≤ 40 years	98	201	1.00		83	216	1.00		95	204	1.00		58	241	1.00
Schooling
Graduate studies	73	171	0.95	0.85 – 1.07	64	180	0.96	0.86 – 1.06	65	179	0.98	0.88 – 1.09	56	188	0.97	0.88 – 1.07
Post-Graduate studies	93	188	1.00		82	199	1.00		78	203	1.00		70	211	1.00
Per capita income
≤ 1.000,00	137	281	1.20	0.86 – 1.69	119	299	1.12	0.78 – 1.61	118	300	1.20	0.83 – 1.75	102	316	1.08	0.73 – 1.60
> 1.000,00	29	78	1.00		27	80	1.00		25	82	1.00		24	83	1.00
Work experience
> 10 years	103	203	1.07	0.95 – 1.20	87	219	1.02	0.91 – 1.13	84	222	1.00	0.90 – 1.12	83	223	1.10	1.03 – 1.21
≤ 10 years	63	156	1.00		59	160	1.00		59	160	1.00		43	176	1.00

Variable	Shoulders				Upper back				Neck				Ankle/feet
Variable	Yes	No	PR	95%CI	Yes	No	PR	95%CI	Yes	No	PR	95%CI	Yes	No	PR	95%CI
Diabetes
Yes	9	9	1.38	0.86 – 1.33	5	13	1.00	0.74 – 1.33	5	13	1.08	0.75 – 1.34	8	10	1.38	0.91 – 2.09
No	157	350	1.00		141	366	1.00		138	369	1.00		118	389	1.00
Arterial hypertension
Yes	36	61	1.10	0.93 – 1.30	36	61	1.18	1.00 – 1.39	35	62	1.17	0.99 – 1.37	39	58	1.33	1.12 – 1.57
No	130	298	1.00		110	318	1.00		108	320	1.00		87	341	1.00
Allergies
Yes	100	149	1.27	1.12 – 1.43	84	165	1.17	1.04 – 1.30	92	157	1.29	1.15 – 1.44	68	181	1.08	0.98 – 1.19
No	66	210	1.00		62	214	1.00		51	225	1.00		58	218	1.00
Digestive problems
Yes	77	91	1.38	1.19 – 1.61	61	107	1.19	1.05 – 1.36	67	101	1.30	1.14 – 1.49	52	116	1.14	1.00 – 1.28
No	89	268	1.00		85	272	1.00		76	281	1.00		74	283	1.00
Circulatory problems
Yes	77	112	1.24	1.08 – 1.41	71	118	1.24	1.09 – 1.40	74	115	1.30	1.15 – 1.48	73	116	1.37	1.21 – 1.55
No	89	247	1.00		75	261	1.00		69	267	1.00		53	283	1.00
Vocal problems
Yes	109	153	1.34	1.18 – 1.51	102	160	1.36	1.22 – 1.52	97	165	1.31	1.17 – 1.46	82	180	1.21	1.00 – 1.33
No	57	206	1.00		44	219	1.00		46	217	1.00		44	219	1.00
Breathing problems
Yes	53	67	1.29	1.08 – 1.53	45	75	1.20	1.03 – 1.39	50	70	1.32	1.12 – 1.55	46	74	1.30	1.12 – 1.51
No	113	292	1.00		101	304	1.00		93	312	1.00		80	325	1.00
CMD
Suspected	90	105	1.42	1.23 – 1.64	72	123	1.23	1.09 – 1.39	91	104	1.58	1.37 – 1.81	66	129	1.23	1.10 – 1.38
No Suspected	76	254	1.00		74	256	1.00		52	278	1.00		60	270	1.00
BMI
Overweight/obesity	76	130	1.13	1.00 – 1.28	70	136	1.15	1.02 – 1.29	60	146	1.04	0.93 – 1.16	58	148	1.09	0.98 – 1.21
Low/normal	90	229	1.00		76	243	1.00		83	236	1.00		68	251	1.00
Alcohol consumption
Yes	68	129	1.07	0.94 – 1.21	64	133	1.11	0.99 – 1.24	57	140	1.03	0.93 – 1.15	43	154	0.95	0.86 – 1.05
No	98	230	1.00		82	246	1.00		86	246	1.00		83	245	1.00
Smoking
Yes	17	35	1.01	0.83 – 124	24	28	1.37	1.06 – 1.78	18	34	1.12	0.91 – 1.38	17	35	1.14	0.94 – 1.39
No	149	324	1.00		122	351	1.00		125	348	1.00		109	364	1.00
WBW
Low	82	121	1.53	1.32 – 2.79	62	141	1.17	0.84 – 1.83	68	135	1.44	1.12 – 2.44	68	135	1.86	1.52 – 3.44
Moderate to high	84	238	1.00		85	238	1.00		75	247	1.00		58	264	1.00
Moderate to high

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[1] Corresponding author: Albanita Gomes da Costa de Ceballos. Departamento de Medicina Social da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Avenida da Engenharia, s/n, Bloco D, 1^o andar, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50471-600, Recife, PE, Brasil. E-mail: albanitagcceballos@gmail.com / albanita.costa@ufpe.br