Poverty and migration in metropolitan Brazil (1995-2015)

ABSTRACT

One of the main issues in studying poverty is its spatial heterogeneity, result (among other elements) of migratory processes influenced by factors such as industrialization, economic development and regional imbalances. In this article, we study the relationship between poverty and migration between 1995 and 2015, observing the evolution of poverty levels in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas of Brazil for various migratory conditions based on PNAD data. We consider the hypothesis of important differentials in reducing poverty among migrants and returnees. Poverty reduced in the analyzed period, but with different speeds per migratory condition, with significant differences when comparing metropolitan areas with the others. There has been a certain propensity, in those areas, for returnees to have better living conditions, especially those residing there for longer. All these considerations are relevant to constitute a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between migration and poverty in Brazil.

Keywords:
Poverty and migration; Internal migration; Multidimensional poverty; Metropolitan regions; PNAD