Fruit quality of pineapple ‘Vitória’ under macronutrients and boron deficiency

Cunha, Jéssica Morais; Freitas, Marta Simone Mendonça; Caetano, Luiz Carlos Santos; Carvalho, Almy Júnior Cordeiro de; Peçanha, Diego Alves; Santos, Paulo Cesar dos

doi:10.1590/0100-29452019080

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Soil and Plant Nutrition • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 41 (5) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019080 copy

Fruit quality of pineapple ‘Vitória’ under macronutrients and boron deficiency

Qualidade de frutos de abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ sob deficiência de macronutrientes e boro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of macronutrient and boron deficiencies on physico-chemical characteristics of pineapple fruits, ‘Vitoria’ cultivar. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight treatments (complete solution, -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S and -B) and six replicates. The experiment was conducted from October 2016 to March 2018, and the variables evaluated were: fresh fruit and crown mass, fruit diameter, fruit and crown length, juice volume and mass, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), vitamin C, juice pH and SS/TA ratio. All treatments with nutrient deficiency reduced the fresh fruit mass. In treatments -N and -Ca there was a reduction of 41.9 and 35.3%, respectively, in the crown fresh mass. Fruits diameter under N, K and Mg deficiency was lower, fruit length, soluble solids and juice pH were lower in treatment with N deficiency. Isolated deficiencies of each of the macronutrients and B reduced the mass of the whole fruit and the crownless fruit. The nutrient that most limited the size and quality of ‘Vitoria’ pineapple fruit was nitrogen.

Index terms
Ananas comosus var. comosus; mineral nutrition; fruit growing; total soluble solids; titratable acidity

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[TFN0101] ^*
Micro: CuSO₄ 5H2O = 250 mg L^-1, KCl = 3728 mg L-1, MnSO4 H2O = 845 mg L^-1, ZnSO4. 7H2O = 578 mg L-1, (NH4)6Mo7O24. 4H2O = 88 mg L-1

	Treatment
Stocksolutions	Complete	-N	-P	-K	-Ca	-Mg	-S	-B
Ca (NO₃)₂ 4H₂O (2 mol L^-1)	2.0	-	2.0	2.0	-	2.0	2.0	2.0
KNO₃ (2 mol L^-1)	3.0	-	3.0	-	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
NH₄H₂PO₄ (1 mol L^-1)	1.0	-	-	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
MgSO₄ (1 mol L^-1)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	-	-	2.0
FeEDTA (25 g L^-1)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
MICRO*	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
H₃BO₃ (25 mM)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	-
(NH₄)₂SO₄ (1 mol L^-1)	0.5	-	1.0	0.5	0.5	0.5	-	0.5
NH₄Cl (1 mol L^-1)	-	-	1.0	-	-	-	1.0	-
NaNO₃ (2 mol L^-1)	-	-	-	3.0	4.0	-	-	-
Na₂SO₄(1 mol L^-1)	-	-	-	-	-	2.0	-	-
MgCl₂ (1 mol L^-1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.0	-
CaCl₂ (2 mol L^-1)	-	2.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
KCl (1 mol L^-1)	-	4.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
KH₂PO₄ (1 mol L^-1)	-	1.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
K₂SO₄ (0.5 mol L^-1)	-	1.0	-	-	-	-	-	-

Treatment	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B
Treatment	--------------------------------g kg^-1--------------------------------------						mg kg^-1
CS	12.5a	1.50a	29.8a	2.83a	2.61a	1.11a	14.1a
Deficiency	7.15b	1.18b	19.9b	2.30b	1.44b	0.80b	8.08b
CV (%)	16.2	16.4	14.5	11.9	16.1	20	10.6

Treatment	Whole fruit	Crownless fruit		Crown	Fruit length		Fruit diamenter		Crown length
	---------------------g---------------------				--------------------------------cm-----------------------------
CS	1615.0	1367.4		247.6	15.2		11.9		39.0
-N	915.9^-	770.9^-		143.9^-	12.1^-		9.8^-		19.5^-
-P	1337.1^-	1135.6^-		193.7^ns	15.1^ns		11.1^ns		35.7^ns
-K	1204.3^-	996.6^-		207.5^ns	13.9^ns		10.4^-		43.1^ns
-Ca	1319.8^-	1138.9^-		160.3^-	14.1^ns		11.0^ns		30.1^ns
-Mg	1202.8^-	980.9^-		215.3^ns	14.1^ns		10.5^-		34.1^ns
-S	1385.3^-	1137.1^-		239.5^ns	15.2^ns		11.0^ns		42.2^ns
-B	1317.7^-	1111.0^-		205.7^ns	14.3^ns		10.9^ns		41.3^ns
CV (%)	6.4	7.9		17.5	7.2		4.9		13.2
Treatment	Juice volume	Juice M mass	Soluble solids		pH	Titratable acidity *		Vitamin C**		SS/TA Ratio
	mL	g	ºBrix			g/100 mL of juice		mg/L
CS	386.9	406	14.3		3.78	0.69		80.8		21.3
-N	198.8^-	219.2^-	19.1⁺		3.27^-	1.17⁺		120.2⁺		16.2^ns
-P	316.2^ns	363.0^ns	14.1^ns		3.70^ns	0.77^ns		79.4^ns		18.7^ns
-K	254.7^-	302.2^ns	13.4^ns		3.60^ns	0.44^-		69.5^ns		30.9⁺
-Ca	314.5^ns	343.4^ns	16.5^ns		3.58^ns	0.83^ns		91.6^ns		20.1^ns
-Mg	266.7^-	367.2^ns	14.4^ns		3.62^ns	0.61^ns		67.8^ns		23.8^ns
-S	294.9^-	371.2^ns	14.6^ns		3.47^ns	1.07⁺		101.3^ns		13.7^ns
-B	287.5^-	371.6^ns	13.9^ns		3.82^ns	0.67^ns		61.7^-		22.2^ns
CV (%)	12.7	22.9	8.5		5.6	10.5		12.5		18.1