Growth and quality of mangosteen seedlings (<i>Garcinia mangostana</i> L.) in response to the application of humic acids

The time of formation of mangosteen seedlings propagated by seeds can be considered as the biggest difficulty in the seedling production system of this species. Considering that the use of humic acids as a growth promoter has been well documented in some species, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acid (HA) doses extracted from vermicompost (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). Growth rate was determined using the following variables: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem dry matter, leaf dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter and Dickson quality index . The dose 150 mg C L-1 was the one that approached the maximum values and therefore should be recommended for the production of seedlings. The results at 240 days after planting (DAP) showed that the HA increased the growth of mangosteen seedlings, helping to reduce the time of seedling formation under conditions for permanent planting.

Index terms
Quality index; vermicompost; humate

Authorship

Gedeon Almeida Gomes Júnior

Master in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: geda_almeida@hotmail.com State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil Master in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: geda_almeida@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1088-5143

Rafaela Alves Pereira

PhD in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: rafaelapereira2511@gmail.com State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil PhD in Plant Production, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: rafaelapereira2511@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-9502

George Andrade Sodré

PhD in Plant Production, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: gasodre@hotmail.com State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil PhD in Plant Production, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: gasodre@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-8637

Eduardo Gross

PhD in Plant Biology, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: egross@uesc.br State University of Santa CruzBrasilIlhéus, BA, Brasil PhD in Plant Biology, Adjunct Professor, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-BA, Brazil. E-mail: egross@uesc.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-0432

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (2)
Tables (4)
Formulas (1)

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Figure 1
Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem diameter (SD), B. Plant height (H), C. Number of leaves (NL) D. Leaf Area (LA).

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Figure 2
Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem dry matter (SDM), B. Leaf dry matter (LDM), C. Shoot dry matter (SDDM), D. Root dry matter (RDM), E Total dry matter (TDM) F. Dickson quality index (DQI)

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Table 1
Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem diameter (SD), plant height (H), number of leaves (NL) and leaf area (LA) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem dry matter (SDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), shoot dry matter (SDDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

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Table 3
Adjusted quadratic models, determination coefficient (R2), optimal dose and Ymax for the variables: SD (mm), H (cm), NL, LA (cm²), SDM (g), LDM (g), SDDM (g), RDM (g), TDM (g) e DQI of mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

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Table 4
Pearson correlation coefficients between the Dickson Quality Score (DQI); stem diameter (SD); plant height (H), shoot dry mass (SDDM); root dry matter (RDM); total dry matter (TDM) in mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP.

Thumbnail

Figure 1 Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem diameter (SD), B. Plant height (H), C. Number of leaves (NL) D. Leaf Area (LA).

Figure 2 Quadratic regression curves for mangosteen seedlings submitted to humic acid doses (0; 2; 20; 40; 200 mg C L-1). A. Stem dry matter (SDM), B. Leaf dry matter (LDM), C. Shoot dry matter (SDDM), D. Root dry matter (RDM), E Total dry matter (TDM) F. Dickson quality index (DQI)

Table 1 Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem diameter (SD), plant height (H), number of leaves (NL) and leaf area (LA) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

SV	DF	SD	H	NL	LA
Linear effect	1	15.25*	923.54*	237.23*	3467052.45*
Quadratic effect	1	5.56*	74.59*	32.16*	472730.49*
Regression deviations	2	0.62*	26.24*	0.49^ns	4841.91*
Residue	30	0.10	1.18	5.01	3756.40
VC (%)		4.1	2.7	8.35	5.2

^*
F Test (p=0.05); Ns: Not significant (p=0.05); SV: Source of variation; DF: Degree of freedom; VC: Variation coefficient.

Table 2 Mean square of the analysis of variance of the regression of the quadratic model of the variables stem dry matter (SDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), shoot dry matter (SDDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI) of mangosteen seedlings in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

SV	DF	SDM	LDM	SDDM	RDM	TDM	DQI
Linear effect	1	35.33*	276.62*	509.65*	36.07*	816.89*	8.52*
Quadratic effect	1	13.17*	29.74*	82.49*	4.29*	124.398*	1.68*
Regression deviations	2	0.15*	1.28^ns	1.88*	0.48*	4.24^ns	0.11*
Residue	30	1.19	2.93	5.73	0.09	5.27	0.01
VC (%)		15.25	12.22	11.30	8.21	9.24	4.60

^*
Test (p=0.05); Ns: Not significant (p=0.05); SV: Source of variation; DF: Degree of freedom; VC: Variation coefficient.

Table 3 Adjusted quadratic models, determination coefficient (R2), optimal dose and Ymax for the variables: SD (mm), H (cm), NL, LA (cm²), SDM (g), LDM (g), SDDM (g), RDM (g), TDM (g) e DQI of mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP in response to the application of humic acids extracted from vermicompost.

Variable		Equation		R²		Dose		Y_max
SD	Ŷ= 6.7274 + 0.04213069x - 0.00016062x²		0.94		131.15		9.49
H	Ŷ = 34.9425 + 0.19041608x - 0.00058808x²		0.95		161.90		50.36
NL	Ŷ = 24.0568 + 0.11480947x - 0.00038619x²		0.99		148.69		32.58
LA	Ŷ = 835.5078 + 13.90616088x 0.04681637x²		0.99		148.52		1868.17
SDM	Ŷ = 5.8571 + 0.06466146x - 0.00024707x²		0.99		130.85		10.09
LDM	Ŷ = 11.1306 + 0.11449046x - 0.00037135x²		0.99		154.16		19.95
SDDM	Ŷ = 16.9876 + 0.17915192x - 0.00061842x²		0.99		144.85		29.96
RDM	Ŷ = 2.5964 + 0.04277551x - 0.00014099x²		0.98		151.70		5.84
TDM	Ŷ = 19.5841 + 0.22192744x - 0.00075942x²		0.99		146.11		35.80
DQI	Ŷ = 1.6606 + 0.02488341x - 0.00008825x²		0.98		140.98		3.41

¹
SD – Stem diameter; H - Plant height; NL - Number of leaves; LA – Leaf area; SDM – Stem dry matter; LDM - Leaf dry matter; SDDM - Shoot dry matter; RDM - Root dry matter; TDM - Total dry matter; DQI - Dickson quality index.

Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficients between the Dickson Quality Score (DQI); stem diameter (SD); plant height (H), shoot dry mass (SDDM); root dry matter (RDM); total dry matter (TDM) in mangosteen seedlings at 240 DAP.

	Average		STD	SD	H	SDDM	RDM	TDM	DQI
SD		7.59	0.85	1	----	----	----	----	----
H		39.98	5.65	0.89*	1	----	----	----	----
SDDM		21.18	4.75	0.82*	0.88*	1	----	----	----
RDM		3.65	1.13	0.85*	0.94*	0.81*	1	----	----
TDM		24.83	5.71	0.85*	0.93*	0.99*	0.87*	1	----
DQI		2.22	0.56	0.92*	0.95*	0.88*	0.99*	0.94*	1

^*
T-test (p=0.05); Ns: not significant STD: standard deviation

DQI= \frac{TDM}{(\frac{H}{SD}) + (\frac{SDDM}{RDM})}

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Métricas

Growth and quality of mangosteen seedlings (<i>Garcinia mangostana</i> L.) in response to the application of humic acids

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Mensagem

[TFN0101] ^*
F Test (p=0.05); Ns: Not significant (p=0.05); SV: Source of variation; DF: Degree of freedom; VC: Variation coefficient.