Spatial correlation between soil and leaf macronutrients in semiarid Brazilian mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) fields

Lira, Aíris Layanne Ferreira; Silva, Kátia Araújo da; Rodrigues, Marcos Sales; Souza, Clerison Gustavo Pereira; Moreira, Filipe Bernard Ramos; Lima, Augusto Miguel Nascimento

doi:10.1590/0100-29452021149

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Soils and Plant Nutrition • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 43 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452021149 copy

Spatial correlation between soil and leaf macronutrients in semiarid Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) fields

Correlação espacial entre macronutrientes de solo e folha em pomares de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) no semiárido bras

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between the levels of nutrients in the soil and those found in the plant is of fundamental importance for site-specific fertility management in mango (Mangifera indica L.) crop fields. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of macronutrient contents both in the soil and in the leaf and their correlations in commercial mango orchards under semiarid region conditions and to delimit the management zones using soil and leaf data. The experiment was carried out in three commercial areas in San Francisco Valley, Brazil, cultivated with irrigated mango. Soil samples were collected in 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m depths as well as leaf samples following sample grids. Ca, Mg, K, P, and N contents from soil and leaf samples were determined. Descriptive and geostatistics analyses were performed. Co-kriging was used for the delimitation of management zones. Positive spatial correlations were obtained between soil Ca²⁺ and leaf Ca contents (R² = 0.80-0.93), soil K⁺ and leaf K contents (R² = 0.35-0.61), and soil Mg²⁺ and leaf P contents (R² = 0.51). Negative correlations were observed for soil Mg²⁺ and leaf Ca contents(R² = 0.79-0.93) and soil Mg²⁺ and leaf K contents (R² = 0.98). The soil 0-0.2 m depth had the greatest influence on mango Ca and K uptake. The negative correlation between soil Mg²⁺ and leaf Ca shows the competition existing in the plant uptake process. It was possible to delimit specific management zones using co-kriging for the three areas using soil and leaf data.

Index terms
Geostatistics; Mineral nutrition; Spatial analysis; Management zones

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[1] Marcos Sales Rodrigues E-mail:marcos.rodrigues@univasf.edu.br

	Barreiro de Santa Fé	Mandacaru	Sempre Verde
Location	Petrolina, Pernambuco (9°23'39.37" S and 40°44'32.91" W)	Petrolina, Pernambuco (9°20'50.58" S and 40°33'04.51" W)	Juazeiro, Bahia (9°14'59.38" S and 40°16'58.40" W)
Slope	Very gentle	Very gentle	Very gentle
Soil type	Oxisol	Ultisol	Ultisol
Size	9 ha (797 x 114 m)	4.5 ha (353 x 125 m)	9.5 ** (411 x 232 m)
Crop age	25 years old	26 years old	25 years old
Crop spacing	8 x 5 m	8 x 5 m	7 x 6 m
Irrigation	sprinkler (two sprinkles /plant)	sprinkler (two ********* /plant)	sprinkler (two sprinkles /plant)
Fertilization	fertigation for N, P and K and manual *********** for Ca and Mg	*********** for N, P and K and manual application for Ca and Mg	fertigation for N, P and K and manual application *** Ca and Mg

	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	P	K		Ca	Mg	P	N
	---- cmol_c dm^-³ ----			mg dm^-³	---- cmol_c dm^-³ ----			mg dm^-³		------------- g kg^-¹ ------------
	0-0.2 m				0.2-0.4 m					Leaf
Barreiro de Santa Fé	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--		--	--	--	--
Mean	0.29	4.51	1.84	60.02	0.53	3.46	1.56	49.33	8.58		39.80	2.16	1.12	8.00
Maximum	0.44	6.25	2.3	249.14	0.92	4.63	2.10	224.73	22.21		38.06	3.31	1.50	10.68
Minimum	0.15	3.15	1.47	10.45	0.26	2.36	1.08	11.59	3.24		23.06	1.55	0.78	5.74
deviation	0.07	0.73	0.2	63.72	0.16	0.59	0.20	47.53	4.78		15.86	0.40	0.19	1.10
CV (%)	25	16	11	76	31	17	13	96	56		40	19	17	14
CV Classification	H	M	M	VH	VH	M	M	VH	VH		VH	M	M	M
W	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*		0.00*	0.00*	0.19^ns	0.00*
Mandacaru	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--		--	--	--	--
Mean	0.43	2.38	0.82	14.81	0.33	1.19	0.65	37.55	7.75		445.56	2.63	1.24	13.42
Maximum	0.92	3.78	1.43	68.75	0.62	1.93	0.87	49.09	21.24		501.88	3.54	1.59	16.56
Minimum	0.21	1.54	0.50	3.27	0.13	0.60	0.42	26.86	2.00		343.60	1.81	0.86	10.36
Standard deviation	0.18	0.52	0.22	12.77	0.13	0.32	0.12	12.77	5.25		38.13	0.49	0.16	1.56
CV (%)	42	22	27	86	38	27	19	14	68		9	19	13	12
** Classification	VH	H	H	VH	VH	H	M	M	VH		L	M	M	M
W	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*	0.00*		0.00*	0.01*	0.00*	0.61^ns
Sempre Verde	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--		--	--	--	--
Mean	0.61	6.00	2.09	69.84	0.72	5.98	1.89	38.59	6.02		93.54	2.50	3.24	12.43
Maximum	1.21	10.22	2.56	159.75	1.56	10.61	2.73	91.98	13.74		122.91	3.78	4.95	14.70
Minimum	0.38	3.00	1.50	22.22	0.26	3.00	0.73	2.71	2.20		57.13	1.54	2.21	9.38
Standard deviation	0.21	1.85	0.30	32.02	0.33	1.96	0.51	24.05	3.00		22.14	0.59	0.65	1.22
CV (%)	31	31	14	46	45	33	27	62	50		24	24	20	10
CV Classification	VH	VH	M	VH	VH	VH	H	VH	VH		H	H	M	L
W	0.00*	0.45^ns	0.30^ns	0.00*	0.00*	0.43^ns	0.13^ns	0.00*	0.00*		0.00*	0.33^ns	0.02*	0.00*

	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	P	K		Ca	Mg	P	N
	---- cmol_c dm^-³ ----			mg dm^-³	---- cmol_c dm^-³ ----			mg dm^-³		------------- g kg^-¹ ------------
	0-0.2 m				0.2-0.4 m					Leaf
Barreiro ** Santa Fé
Model	EXP	SPH	GAU	GAU	PNE	SPH	PNE	SPH	GAU		SPH	PNE	SPH	PNE
C₀	0.0009	0.1190	0.0118	616.207	0.002	0.1089	0.0341	122.1602	3.2025		9.3011	0.2050	0.0201	1.2508
C₀+C	0.008	0.491	0.035	6700.061	0.002	0.599	0.0341	1693.648	16.821		201.9	0.205	0.048	1.251
Range	57	103	79	53	-	138	-	62	43.8111		192.1		108.6	-
IM	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	IDW	Krig	IDW	Krig	Krig		Krig	IDW	Krig	IDW
SDI	W	W	W	W	-	M	-	W	W		S	-	W	-
Mandacaru
Model	GAU	SPH	SPH	SPH	GAU	GAU	SPH	GAU	GAU		EXP	SPH	SPH	GAU
C₀	0.0019	0.0054	0.0024	20.8943	0.0013	0.0038	0.0006	98.6928	1.0588		67.0188	0.0289	0.0023	0.347
C₀+C	0.033	0.245	0.050	291.900	0.037	0.113	0.017	2710	20.731		2108	0.226	0.064	1.972
Range	43	45	42	43	57	50	42	46	39.664		111.87	34.9	44.6	91.11
IM	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig		Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig
SDI	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M		S	W	M	S
Sempre Verde
Model	SPH	SPH	EXP	SPH	EXP	SPH	EXP	GAU	SPH		SPH*	PNE	SPH	EXP
C₀	0.0150	1.4090	0.0214	783.8224	0.0161	2.0637	0.0174	93.0680	0.35		7.9546	0.3772	0.1193	0.583697
C₀+C	0.030	3.658	0.102	1910.592	0.121	4.043	0.212	645.843	11.03		139.4	0.3772	0.3546	3.978
Range	122	126	92	120	127	113	138	82	83.5		135.4	-	184.3	99.3
IM	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig	Krig		Krig	IDW	Krig	Krig
SDI	M	M	M	M	S	M	S	M	M		S	-	S	S