Does molybdenum and cobalt foliar spray mitigate nitrate starvation and ammonium deprivation stress?

Nuncio Junior, Rodrigo Antonio; Baron, Daniel; Ferreira, Iuri Emmanuel de Paula

doi:10.1590/0100-29452021163

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Soils and Plant Nutrition • Rev. Bras. Frutic. 43 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452021163 copy

Does molybdenum and cobalt foliar spray mitigate nitrate starvation and ammonium deprivation stress?

Aplicação foliar de cobalto e molibdênio mitiga a privação de nitrato e ausência de amônio?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Knowledge about the nutritional balance at the initial phenological stage is mandatory to overcome limitations on nutritional availabilities required by the plant species. However, little is elucidated about nitrate (NO₃^-) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) deprivation stress. Our hypothesis tested is that there are benefits of the foliar application (spray) of molybdenum (Mo) and cobalt (Co) under different availabilities (ionic strength, IS) from the presence of nitric sources (CaNO₃^2-) and absence of ammonium (NH₄H₂PO₄) in root application (hydroponic cultivation) at the initial phenological growth stage. Nutrient supply was carried out with a nutrient solution, which is deprived of NH₄⁺. Treatments were 25%, 50%, and 100% IS, supplied via hydroponic cultivation, combined with the absence/presence of Co/Mo spray. Plants were randomly distributed into 17 blocks (replicates) with 6 treatments conducted in a factorial scheme and data were analyzed by ANOVA and ANCOVA. We observed that Co/Mo spray diminished plant growth discrepancies between treatments at different IS’s. In addition, contents of photosynthetic pigments were higher at 25% IS without Co/Mo spray. Thus, we concluded that Mo and Co spray can alleviate NO₃^- starvation/NH₄⁺ deprivation stress during the initial growth phenological stages of yellow passion fruits.

Index terms
abiotic stress; beneficial mineral elements; essential mineral elements; hydroponic; passiflora; plant nutrition

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E-mail: rbf@fcav.unesp.br

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[1] Daniel Baron E-mail:danielbaron@ufscar.br

Macronutrients	Stock solution (M)	25% N (mL.L^-1)	50% N (mL.L^-1)	100% N (mL.L^-1)
KH₂PO₄	136.08	1.00	1.00	1.00
KNO₃	101.10	1.25	2.50	5.00
Ca(NO₃)₂	236.16	1.25	2.50	5.00
Mg(SO₄)·7H₂O	246.50	2.00	2.00	2.00
(0,5M) K₂SO₄	087.13	3.77	2.50	0.00
(0.01M) CaSO₄	001.36	300.00	200.00	000.00
Micronutrients	Stock solution (g.L⁻¹)	1.0	1.0	1.0
H₃BO₃	2.86
MnCl₂·4H₂O	1.81
ZnSO₄·7H₂O	0.22
CuSO₄·5H₂O	0.08
H₂MoO₄·H₂O	0.02
Iron-EDTASolution*	Stock solution (g.L⁻¹)	1.0	1.0	1.0
BissodicEDTA (C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₈Na₂.2H₂O)	26.10
FeSO₄ · 7H₂O	24.90

		Days after transplanting
		15		30			45			60			75			90			105			120
Source of variation	D.F.⁺	F	P	F	P	F		P	F		P	F		P	F		P	F		P	F		P
		Height
N doses Spray Interaction	2	1.89	0.1571	3.26*	0.0428	4.34*		0.0157	7.03*		0.0014	4.65*		0.0118	2.89		0.0606	5.25*		0.0068	5.52*		0.0054
	1	9.55*	0.0026	7.76*	0.0064	4.93*		0.0288	7.08*		0.0091	4.01*		0.0479	2.80		0.0976	9.31*		0.0029	9.03*		0.0033
	2	0.58	0.5639	1.34	0.2660	1.51		0.2254	3.70*		0.0282	4.08*		0.0200	2.78		0.0674	1.89		0.1574	2.75		0.0688
		Length
N doses Spray Interaction	2	2.44	0.0927	3.11*	0.0490	2.65		0.0761	4.08*		0.0198	4.66*		0.0117	4.04*		0.0207	4.27*		0.0167	3.30*		0.0413
	1	11.48*	0.0010	10.25*	0.0019	7.26*		0.0083	9.66*		0.0025	8.73*		0.0039	7.85*		0.0062	5.29*		0.0236	3.47		0.0655
	2	1.85	0.1627	2.42	0.0940	1.93		0.1510	2.01		0.1396	3.17*		0.0464	2.87		0.0616	1.92		0.1515	1.24		0.2931
		Diameter
N doses Spray Interaction	2	1.72	0.1841	0.68	0.5079	0.47		0.6245	0.71		0.4899	0.52		0.5953	1.36		0.2623	3.50*		0.0343	2.07		0.1321
	1	3.87	0.0522	3.97*	0.0493	0.00		0.9873	0.09		0.7671	5.68*		0.0191	1.96		0.1650	0.61		0.4357	0.89		0.3467
	2	2.42	0.0943	1.02	0.3641	1.58		0.2104	0.42		0.6554	0.55		0.5802	1.44		0.2413	3.91*		0.0233	3.00		0.0545
		Leaf area
N doses Spray Interaction	2	3.27*	0.0424	0.41	0.6676	5.65*		0.0048	4.99		0.0087	3.77*		0.0267	6.41*		0.0024	9.75*		0.0001	11.05*		<0.0001
	1	3.60	0.0607	1.93	0.1680	0.21		0.6452	0.62		0.4323	1.20		0.2752	0.13		0.7189	0.28		0.5980	0.33		0.5651
	2	2.42	0.0942	0.79	0.4549	1.29		0.2807	2.19		0.1172	1.50		0.2289	1.81		0.1685	0.87		0.4216	0.84		0.4311

Source ofvariation	D.F.⁺	Chlorophyll a		Chlorophyll b		Carotenoid
Source ofvariation	D.F.⁺	F	P	F	P	F	P
Initial height	1	9.37*	0.0048	12.00*	0.0017	11.53*	0.0021
******* length	1	0.67	0.4201	1.23	0.2760	1.28	0.2667
Foliar spray	1	15.04*	0.0006	2.05	0.1632	9.52*	0.0045
N availabilities	2	2.36	0.1127	1.45	0.2527	0.36	0.6990
Spray x N availabilities	2	9.68*	0.0006	13.52*	0.0001	8.80*	0.0011