Production of shoots from ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple crowns with nitrogen fertilization

Pineapple fruit crowns are rarely used as planting material in Brazil. However, they can be used to produce plantlet in situations of scarcity of planting material of adequate quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production and nutritional status of early shoots of different sizes produced from ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple crowns with nitrogen fertilization after the removal of its apical meristem. The experimental design adopted was that of randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four nitrogen doses (5, 10, 15 and 20 g of urea per pot), four minimum shoot lengths at harvesting (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm), with four replicates. Under full sun cultivation conditions, crowns produced 18.11 and 6.83 shoots with 10 and 25 cm in length, respectively, up to 380 days after planting and removal of the apical meristem. Pineapple shoots harvested at 180 days presented better biometric quality and can be harvested up to 380 days after crown planting. Increasing urea doses reduce P, K and Ca levels in the dry mass of shoots.

Index terms
Ananas comosus; plantlet; propagation; urea

Authorship

Aurilena de Aviz Silva

Dr. in Plant Production. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brasil. E-mails: aurilena.aviz@yahoo.com.br; pcsantos18@hotmail.com; roberto.rivelinonb@outlook.com; romuloagronomia@hotmail.com Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroBrasilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil Dr. in Plant Production. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brasil. E-mails: aurilena.aviz@yahoo.com.br; pcsantos18@hotmail.com; roberto.rivelinonb@outlook.com; romuloagronomia@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-7331

Almy Junior Cordeiro de Carvalho

Dr. in Plant Production. Professor of fruitculture, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brasil. E-mail: almy@fruticultura.org Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroBrasilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil Dr. in Plant Production. Professor of fruitculture, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brasil. E-mail: almy@fruticultura.org

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5895-4005

Paulo Cesar dos Santos

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-1653

Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas

Dr. in Plant Production. Professor of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brasil. E-mail: martasimonefreitas@hotmail.com Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroBrasilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil Dr. in Plant Production. Professor of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brasil. E-mail: martasimonefreitas@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-3129

Roberto Rivelino do Nascimento Barbosa

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7058-0301

Rômulo André Beltrame

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-0869

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Total shoots produced in different sizes (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) per 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crown according to four evaluation times (180, 240, 300 and 380 days after planting). ** significant at 1% probability level, respectively, by the F test.

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Figure 2
N content (g kg-1) in the dry mass of the aerial part of shoots produced from 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crowns as a function of nitrogen fertilization (g of urea per pot containing 2 crowns), at different evaluation times (180, 300, 380 days after planting).

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Table 1
Number of days required for the growth of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple shoots as a function of different shoot sizes harvested at 380 days after planting.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Leaf area and dry mass of the aerial part of shoots from 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crown according to size at harvest (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm in height) and times (180, 300, 380 days after planting) for seedling evaluation.

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Table 3
Dry mass of aerial part, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content in shoots produced in 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crowns as a function of nitrogen fertilization (g of urea per pot).

Thumbnail

Table 4
Content of macronutrients and micronutrients in the dry mass of shoots produced from 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crowns according to shoot size (10.15, 20 and 25 cm in height) and evaluation times (180, 300 and 380 days after planting).

Figure 1 Total shoots produced in different sizes (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) per 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crown according to four evaluation times (180, 240, 300 and 380 days after planting). ** significant at 1% probability level, respectively, by the F test.

Figure 2 N content (g kg-1) in the dry mass of the aerial part of shoots produced from 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crowns as a function of nitrogen fertilization (g of urea per pot containing 2 crowns), at different evaluation times (180, 300, 380 days after planting).

Table 1 Number of days required for the growth of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple shoots as a function of different shoot sizes harvested at 380 days after planting.

Shoot size (cm)	Number of days for shoot growth
Shoot size (cm)	Number of days for shoot growth
10	23.17 a
15	32.35 b
20	43.04 c
25	55.21 d
Mean	38.44
CV (%)	9.37

Table 2 Leaf area and dry mass of the aerial part of shoots from 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crown according to size at harvest (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm in height) and times (180, 300, 380 days after planting) for seedling evaluation.

Shoot size (cm)	Leaf area (cm²)			Mean
	Time (days)
	180	300	380
10	116.06 Ad	85.92 ABd	71.75 Bd	91.24
15	219.78 Ac	165.81 Bc	128.71 Bc	171.43
20	344.11 Ab	247.68 Bb	199.66 Cb	263.82
25	466.58 Aa	336.86 Ba	326.79 Ba	376.74
Mean	286.63	209.07	181.73
CV (%)	16.72
Shoot size (cm)	Dry mass of aerial part (g)			Mean
	Time (days)
	180	300	380
10	2.14 Ad	0.61 Bd	0.68 Bd	1.14
15	3.90 Ac	1.37 Bc	1.32 Bc	2.20
20	6.24 Ab	2.34 Bb	2.34 Bb	3.64
25	8.43 Aa	3.33 Ca	4.38 Ba	5.38
Mean	5.18	1.91	2.18
CV%	19.82

^*
Averages followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase in the row do not differ at 5% significance by the Tukey test.

Table 3 Dry mass of aerial part, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content in shoots produced in 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crowns as a function of nitrogen fertilization (g of urea per pot).

Analyzed variable	Polynomial regression for nitrogen doses	R²
Analyzed variable	Polynomial regression for nitrogen doses	R²
Dry mass content (g)	Y = 2.552 + 0.103N - 0.004N²	0.66**
Phosphorus(g plant^-1)	Y = 2.807 - 0.013N	0.79**
Potassium(g plant^-1)	Y = 27.63 - 0.240N	0.90**
Calcium(g plant^-1)	Y = 4.028 - 0.065N	0.99**
Sulfur(g plant^-1)	Y = 1.73	-

^**
significant at 1% probability level, respectively, by the F test.

Table 4 Content of macronutrients and micronutrients in the dry mass of shoots produced from 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple crowns according to shoot size (10.15, 20 and 25 cm in height) and evaluation times (180, 300 and 380 days after planting).

Shoot Size (cm)	Nitrogen(g kg^-¹)				Phosphorus(g kg^-¹)
	Time (days)				Time (days)
	180	300	380		180	300		380
10	20.92 Ba	24.08 Aa	20.68 Ba		2.04 Ca	3.43 Aa		3.07 Ba
15	20.14 Ba	23.87 Aa	19.12 Bab		1,96 Ca	3.15 Abc		2.78 Bb
20	21.24 Ba	24.39 Aa	17.43 Cb		1.96 Ca	3.21 Aab		2.59 Bb
25	20.79 Ba	25.12 Aa	18.04 Cb		2.01 Ca	2.90 Ac		2.56 Bb
CV (%)	11.03				11.22
Shoot Size (cm)	Potassium (g kg^-¹)				Calcium (g kg^-¹)
	Time (days)				Time (days)
	180	300	380		180	300		380
10	28.84 Aa	27.33 Aa	28.40 Aa		2.99 Aa	3.08 Aa		2.63 Ab
15	28.86 Aa	25.35Bab	24.58 Bb		2.94 Aa	3.39 Aa		3.05 Ab
20	27.32Aab	23.90 Bb	21.09 Cc		3.19 ABa	3.67 Aa		2.98 Bb
25	25.58 Ab	19.00 Bc	15.31 Cd		3.29 Ba	3.41 ABa		3.87 Aa
CV (%)	11.02				20.89
Shoot Size (cm)	Magnesium (g kg^-¹)				Sulfur (g kg^-¹)
	Time (days)				Time (days)
	180	300	380		180	300		380
10	1.88 Bb	2.70 Ac	2.50 Ac		1.46 Bab	1.99 Aa		2.05 Aa
15	2.04 Bab	3.26 Ab	3.04 Ab		1.38 Bb	1.95 Aa		1.95 Aa
20	2.27 Bab	3.68 Aab	3.30 Ab		1.60 Bab	1.91 Aa		1.70 Bb
25	2.40 Ca	3.81 Ba	4.39 Aa		1.64 Aa	1.62 Ab		1.47 Ac
CV (%)	17.06				13.83
Shoot Size(cm)	Boron (mg kg^-1)
	Time (days)
	180			300			380
10	19.37 Ba			24.57 Aa			17.45 Bb
15	19.00 Ba			25.50 Aa			19.5 Bb
20	20.18 Ba			26.93 Aa			20.69 Bb
25	21.25 Ba			27.62 Aa			27.44 Aa
CV (%)	20.35

^*
Averages followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase in the row do not differ at 5% significance by the Tukey test.

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Production of shoots from ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple crowns with nitrogen fertilization

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[TFN0201] ^*
Averages followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase in the row do not differ at 5% significance by the Tukey test.