Rootstock-scion interaction:3. Effect on the composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wine

Miele, Alberto; Rizzon, Luiz Antenor

doi:10.1590/0100-29452019642

Abstract

The interaction among rootstock, scion and environment may induce different responses to the grapevine physiology and consequently to the grape and wine composition. The vineyards of Serra Gaúcha, Brazil, are established in soils that may have different physicochemical attributes. Furthermore, the grapevines are grafted on a wide diversity of rootstocks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine their effect on the wine composition of the Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grafted on Rupestris du Lot, 101-14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel, featuring some genetic diversity altogether. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 15 treatments, three replicates and 10 vines per plot. The grapes were harvested at maturity for three years, and then wines were made in glass recipients of 20 L. When alcoholic and malolactic fermentations were over, the wine analyses were performed on twenty-five variables related to alcohol, acidity, dry extract, polyphenols and volatile compounds. The main results show that all variables were affected year by year, some of them by the rootstock and a few by the interaction between rootstock and year. The rootstock effect was observed mainly on variables related to alcohol, acidity and ashes. Results show that the CS/101-14 Mgt wine had higher alcohol content than CS/Dogridge and CS/Isabel wines, which was probably due to the 101-14 Mgt rootstock favoring an early grape ripening. However, higher pH values were observed in the CS/Rupestris du Lot, CS/5BB K and CS/Gravesac than CS/420A Mgt, CS/110 R and CS/Isabel wines. These results show that there is a diversity of rootstocks that can be used by the growers due to the Cabernet Sauvignon wine composition similarities.

Index terms
Vitis vinifera; grapevine; phenolic compounds; volatile substances

[TFN0101] ^*
aMeans within columns, for rootstock and year separately, followed by different small letters differ significantly by Tukey's multiple range test; bSignificance (p value) of rootstock ( R ), year (Y), rootstock and year interaction (R x Y); *= p<0.05, **= p<0.01, ***= p<0.001, ns= not significant.

	Density (g mL^-1)	Alcohol (% v v^-1)	Titratable acidity (meq L^-1)	Volatile acidity (meq L^-1)	Fixed acidity (meq L^-1)	pH	Dry extract (g L^-1)	Reducing sugars (g L^-1)	Reduced dry extract (g L^-1)
Rootstock
Rupupestris du Lot	0.9952^a ab	11.58 ab	71 ab	12 a	58 ab	3.88 a	24.0 a	2.67 a	22.4 a
101-14 Mgt	0.9947 b	12.04 a	72 ab	14 a	58 ab	3.77 abcd	24.2 a	2.94 a	22.2 a
3309 C	0.9950 ab	11.54 ab	69 b	13 a	56 b	3.84 abc	23.2 a	2.55 a	21.7 a
420A Mgt	0.9948 b	11.52 ab	72 ab	13 a	58 ab	3.72 bcd	22.6 a	2.68 a	20.9 a
5BB K	0.9957 ab	11.44 ab	72 ab	14 a	57 ab	3.88 a	24.8 a	3.18 a	22.6 a
161-49 C	0.9950 ab	11.78 ab	72 ab	13 a	58 ab	3.75 abcd	23.9 a	2.80 a	22.1 a
SO4	0.9955 ab	11.50 ab	70 ab	13 a	57 ab	3.84 abc	24.3 a	2.80 a	22.5 a
Solferino	0.9955 ab	11.35 ab	72 ab	14 a	58 ab	3.82 abcd	23.9 a	2.79 a	22.1 a
1103 P	0.9951 ab	11.30 ab	73 ab	13 a	59 ab	3.78 abcd	23.1 a	2.52 a	21.6 a
99 R	0.9949 ab	11.35 ab	72 ab	12 a	59 ab	3.75 abcd	22.9 a	2.46 a	21.5 a
110 R	0.9950 ab	11.48 ab	72 ab	13 a	59 ab	3.70 cd	23.3 a	2.75 a	21.5 a
Gravesac	0.9951 ab	11.76 ab	70 ab	13 a	56 ab	3.87 a	24.7 a	2.59 a	23.1 a
Fercal	0.9951 ab	11.17 ab	73 ab	12 a	61 ab	3.74 abcd	22.1 a	2.42 a	20.7 a
Dogridge	0.9959 a	10.98 b	71 ab	13 a	57 ab	3.84 abc	23.3 a	2.52 a	21.8 a
Isabel	0.9956 ab	10.81 b	74 a	12 a	61 a	3.68 d	21.6 a	2.43 a	20.2 a
Year
1999	0.9957 a	10.64 b	79 a	10 c	70 a	3.61 c	22.2 b	2.23 b	21.0 b
2000	0.9955 a	10.48 b	66 c	11 b	55 b	3.76 b	20.5 c	2.08 b	19.4 c
2001	0.9945 b	13.21 a	71 b	19 a	51 c	4.02 a	27.7 a	3.72 a	25.0 a
Significance^b
R	0.0016**	0.0084**	0.0277*	0.3846^ns	0.0196*	<0.0001***	0.1626^ns	0.7889^ns	0.0621^ns
Y	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***
R x Y	0.8628^ns	0.4093^ns	0.6627^ns	0.4223^ns	0.4700^ns	0.2493^ns	0.4383^ns	0.7961^ns	0.2334^ns

	Alcohol in weight/ Reduced dry extract	Ashes (g L^-1)	Alkalinity of ashes	I 420	I 520	Color intensity (I 420 + I 520)	Hue (I 420/I 520)	Tannins (g L^-1)	Anthocyanins (mg L^-1)	Total polyphenols index (I 280)
Rootstock
Ruppestris du Lot	4.13^a a	3.43 abc	35.8 abc	0.361 a	0.466 a	0.889 a	0.77 a	1.81 a	334.8 a	40.1 a
101-14 Mgt	4.34 a	3.26 abc	32.5 abc	0.371 a	0.511 a	0.917 a	0.72 a	1.93 a	348.2 a	41.7 a
3309 C	4.25 a	3.37 abc	33.4 abc	0.361 a	0.476 a	0.898 a	0.75 a	1.84 a	347.5 a	39.3 a
420A Mgt	4.40 a	2.92 c	32.6 abc	0.326 a	0.439 a	0.822 a	0.74 a	1.71 a	307.0 a	37.1 a
5BB K	4.05 a	3.45 ab	36.7 abc	0.322 a	0.390 a	0.767 a	0.80 a	1.83 a	299.1 a	36.9 a
161-49 C	4.32 a	2.93 bc	30.9 c	0.321 a	0.413 a	0.801 a	0.76 a	1.65 a	258.4 a	36.1 a
SO4	4.08 a	3.41 abc	36.8 ab	0.353 a	0.443 a	0.830 a	0.78 a	1.74 a	297.1 a	40.0 a
Solferino	4.12 a	3.33 abc	35.7 abc	0.320 a	0.404 a	0.778 a	0.78 a	1.68 a	276.3 a	36.9 a
1103 P	4.17 a	3.36 abc	35.3 abc	0.347 a	0.464 a	0.868 a	0.74 a	1.86 a	308.5 a	38.6 a
99 R	4.22 a	3.21 abc	33.2 abc	0.354 a	0.482 a	0.899 a	0.74 a	1.77 a	320.9 a	38.1 a
110 R	4.28 a	3.03 bc	31.8 bc	0.348 a	0.479 a	0.882 a	0.72 a	1.95 a	312.1 a	39.2 a
Gravesac	4.07 a	3.56 a	37.0 ab	0.371 a	0.463 a	0.895 a	0.79 a	1.78 a	329.1 a	39.9 a
Fercal	4.32 a	3.15 abc	33.7 abc	0.333 a	0.451 a	0.837 a	0.74 a	1.67 a	291.1 a	36.3 a
Dogridge	4.04 a	3.65 a	37.8 a	0.323 a	0.413 a	0.790 a	0.78 a	1.54 a	291.6 a	36.7 a
Isabel	4.30 a	3.17 abc	33.5 abc	0.334 a	0.461 a	0.856 a	0.71 a	1.63 a	307.3 a	38.3 a
Year
1999	4.06 b	2.90 c	32.6 b	0.296 b	0.428 b	0.724 b	0.70 c	1.32 b	231.8 c	30.7 b
2000	4.33 a	3.19 b	33.0 b	0.238 c	0.319 c	0.557 c	0.76 b	1.04 c	321.0 b	29.1 b
2001	4.24 a	3.77 a	38.0 a	0.496 a	0.605 a	1.101 a	0.82 a	2.94 a	373.1 a	55.4 a
Significance^b
R	0.0594^ns	<0.0001***	0.0004***	0.1324^ns	0.0503^ns	0.4155^ns	0.0674^ns	0.2876^ns	0.1344^ns	0.1364^ns
Y	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***	<0.0001***
R x Y	0.8125^ns	0.0963^ns	0.1450^ns	0.9326^ns	0.9978^ns	0.7993^ns	0.9728^ns	0.8123^ns	0.9571^ns	0.9376^ns

	Ethyl acetate (mg L^-1)	Methanol (mg L^-1)	1-Propanol (mg L^-1)	2-Methyl-1-propanol (mg L^-1)	2-Methyl+3-Methyl-1-butanol (mg L^-1)	Sum of higher alcohols (mg L^-1)
Rootstock
Rupestris du Lot	95.2^a ab	165.4 a	27.2 a	86.1 a	363.8 a	477.3 a
101-14 Mgt	120.5 a	154.7 a	25.8 a	90.7 a	337.7 a	454.3 a
3309 C	103.0 ab	153.0 a	31.6 a	87.6 a	332.4 a	451.7 a
420A Mgt	105.8 ab	136.0 a	35.1 a	88.2 a	308.1 a	431.4 a
5BB K	110.0 ab	151.1 a	32.7 a	95.1 a	312.9 a	440.9 a
161-49 C	104.9 ab	146.5 a	26.0 a	87.2 a	325.6 a	438.8 a
SO4	93.6 ab	157.2 a	34.1 a	90.5 a	319.0 a	443.6 a
Solferino	106.2 ab	141.3 a	33.3 a	92.4 a	304.3 a	427.8 a
1103 P	95.2 ab	147.2 a	28.6 a	89.5 a	339.4 a	457.5 a
99 R	85.4 b	137.6 a	30.5 a	92.4 a	355.4 a	478.3 a
110 R	101.5 ab	137.4 a	25.7 a	90.0 a	334.4 a	458.0 a
Gravesac	99.4 ab	143.4 a	32.3 a	92.5 a	333.2 a	458.2 a
Fercal	82.9 b	137.9 a	32.5 a	97.5 a	359.8 a	489.8 a
Dogridge	85.1 b	146.3 a	36.3 a	99.6 a	332.8 a	468.6 a
Isabel	81.1 b	132.8 a	23.8 a	92.4 a	356.6 a	472.8 a
Year
1999	58.4 c	121.7 c	34.2 a	83.7 c	332.9 b	412.0 b
2000	108.3 b	136.8 b	36.2 a	110.1 b	263.3 c	349.0 b
2001	127.4 a	167.3 a	20.7 b	170.1 a	407.0 a	609.0 a
Significance^b
R	0.0043^**	0.1621^ns	0.4522^ns	0.6492^ns	0.2560^ns	0.2309^ns
Y	<0.0001^***	0.0007^***	<0.0001^***	<0.0001^***	<0.0001^***	<0.0001^***
R x Y	0.0521 ^ns	0.0002^***	0.8861^ns	0.0320^*	0.6847^ns	0.1426^ns

Brasil

Brasil

Rootstock-scion interaction:3. Effect on the composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wine

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Abstract