Anatomia ecológica foliar da <i>Eugenia punicifolia</i> (Kunth) DC. (MYRTACEAE) na restinga Cearense

A espécie Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (murta) ocorre em região de litoral, no Estado do Ceará, e possui importância ecológica e medicinal. A presente pesquisa objetivou caracterizar a anatomia foliar da murta (E. punicifolia), nas estações de chuva e seca, bem como ao sol e à sombra, na Restinga cearense, pretendendo contribuir para a compreensão das variações morfoanatômicas em resposta às condições naturais de ocorrência da espécie. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas, no Parque Estadual Botânico do Ceará, de folhas totalmente expandidas e fixadas em FAA70, sendo substituído por etanol a 70%, após 24 horas. Seguiu-se para os procedimentos anatômicos usuais, a fim de analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente as estruturas da lâmina foliar, do pecíolo e da epiderme. Como resultado obteve-se que a murta apresenta características xeromórficas, como cutícula espessa, folha hipoestomática e fibras de esclerênquima nos feixes vasculares da nervura mediana. Portanto, conclui-se que a E. punicifolia possui grande plasticidade por conseguir ajustar-se bem nas condições analisadas.

Termos para indexação
Vegetação litorânea; murta; plasticidade anatômica; sazonalidade; luminosidade

Autoria

Viviane de Oliveira Thomaz Lemos

Master in Natural Resources, State University of Ceará–UECE, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: viviane.7lemos@gmail.com Universidade Estadual do CearáBrasilFortaleza, CE, Brasil Master in Natural Resources, State University of Ceará–UECE, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: viviane.7lemos@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-3959

Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena

PhD in Agronomy, Associate Professor of the Biological Sciences Course, CCS/UECE, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail:eliseu.lucena@uece.br Universidade Estadual do CearáBrasilFortaleza, CE, Brasil PhD in Agronomy, Associate Professor of the Biological Sciences Course, CCS/UECE, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail:eliseu.lucena@uece.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8190-1702

Oriel Herrera Bonilla

PhD in Ecology, Associate Professor of the Biological Sciences Course, CCS/UECE, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: oriel.herrera@uece.br Universidade Estadual do CearáBrasilFortaleza, CE, Brasil PhD in Ecology, Associate Professor of the Biological Sciences Course, CCS/UECE, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: oriel.herrera@uece.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6086

Bruno Edson-Chaves

Master in Botany, Assistant Professor of the Biological Sciences Course, FECLI/UECE, Iguatu-CE, Brasil. E-mail: bruno.edson@uece.br Universidade Estadual do CearáBrasilIguatu, CE, Brasil Master in Botany, Assistant Professor of the Biological Sciences Course, FECLI/UECE, Iguatu-CE, Brasil. E-mail: bruno.edson@uece.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1678-1393

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (3)

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Figure 1
Adaxial (A-D) and abaxial (E-H) epidermis of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC leaves in front view. Treatments: A and E- rainy/sun; B and F- rainy/shade; C and G- dry/sun; D and H- dry/shade; I- detail of the abaxial epidermis showing a stoma; J- detail of the adaxial epidermis showing a secretory cavity under two colorless cells. Abbreviation: SC- secretory cavity; St- stomata. Bar: 30 µm.

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Figure 2
Cross-section of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. leaves. Treatments: A and F- rainy/sun; B and G- rainy/shade; C and H- dry/sun; D and I- dry/shade. E- detail showing stomata. Abbreviations: Dr - druse; Col- collenchyma; SC- secretory cavity; EpAd- epidermis adaxial; EpAb- epidermis abaxial; St- Stomata; VB- vascular bundle; PP- palisade parenchyma; LP- lacunous parenchyma; Fb- fibers. Bar: 60 µm, except in figure E where bar is 30 µm.

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Figure 3
Median vein and petiole in cross section, of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. Treatments: A and E- rainy/sun; B and F- rainy/shade; C and G- dry/sun; D and H- dry/shade. Abbreviations: Col- collenchyma; Dr - druse; SC- secretory cavity; EpAd- epidermis adaxial; EpAb- epidermis abaxial; fb- fibers sclerenchymatic; Ph - Phloem; LP- lacunous parenchyma; PP- palisade parenchyma; Tr- Trichrome; X-xylem. Bar: 160 µm.

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Table 1
Quantitative parameters of cross sections of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. leaves in the rainy and dry seasons, as well as in the sun and shade.

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Table 2
Quantitative parameters of cross-sections of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC leaves in the rainy and dry seasons, as well as in the sun and shade.

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Table 3
Quantitative parameters of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC leaves of results that showed interaction between season and luminosity.

Figure 1 Adaxial (A-D) and abaxial (E-H) epidermis of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC leaves in front view. Treatments: A and E- rainy/sun; B and F- rainy/shade; C and G- dry/sun; D and H- dry/shade; I- detail of the abaxial epidermis showing a stoma; J- detail of the adaxial epidermis showing a secretory cavity under two colorless cells. Abbreviation: SC- secretory cavity; St- stomata. Bar: 30 µm.

Figure 2 Cross-section of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. leaves. Treatments: A and F- rainy/sun; B and G- rainy/shade; C and H- dry/sun; D and I- dry/shade. E- detail showing stomata. Abbreviations: Dr - druse; Col- collenchyma; SC- secretory cavity; EpAd- epidermis adaxial; EpAb- epidermis abaxial; St- Stomata; VB- vascular bundle; PP- palisade parenchyma; LP- lacunous parenchyma; Fb- fibers. Bar: 60 µm, except in figure E where bar is 30 µm.

Figure 3 Median vein and petiole in cross section, of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. Treatments: A and E- rainy/sun; B and F- rainy/shade; C and G- dry/sun; D and H- dry/shade. Abbreviations: Col- collenchyma; Dr - druse; SC- secretory cavity; EpAd- epidermis adaxial; EpAb- epidermis abaxial; fb- fibers sclerenchymatic; Ph - Phloem; LP- lacunous parenchyma; PP- palisade parenchyma; Tr- Trichrome; X-xylem. Bar: 160 µm.

Table 1 Quantitative parameters of cross sections of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. leaves in the rainy and dry seasons, as well as in the sun and shade.

Parameters	Season		Luminosity
Parameters	Rainy	Dry	Sun	Shade
Stomatal density	54.16 a	56.66 a	61.33 a	49.50 b
Stomatal frequency	0.13 a	0.11 b	0.12 a	0.12 a
Stomatal index	11.50 a	10.55 b	11.31 a	10.74 a
Stomatal length (μm)	31.61 a	31.99 a	31.86 a	31.73 a
Stomatal width (μm)	25.07 b	33.07 a	25.68 b	32.46 a
Stomatal area (μm²)	109.53 b	120.97 a	115.41 a	115.09 a

^*
Average followed by the same letter in seasons or luminosity does not differ statistically from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability level. There is no interaction between seasons and luminosity.

Table 2 Quantitative parameters of cross-sections of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC leaves in the rainy and dry seasons, as well as in the sun and shade.

Parameters	Season		Luminosity
Parameters	Rainy	Dry	Sun	Shade
Epidermis adaxial (μm)*	30.94 a	29.54 a	31.64 a	28.85 b
Epidermis abaxial (μm)*	17.89 a	17.58 a	17.89 a	17.58 a
Adaxial cuticle (μm)*	14.32 a	13.10 b	14.36 a	13.07 b
Abaxial cuticle (μm)*	9.20 a	8.59 a	8.94 a	8.84 a
Leaf blade (μm)*	258.48 a	233.03 b	257.70 a	233.82 b
Mesophyll (μm)*	207.00 a	179.98 b	205.61 a	181.37 b
Palisade parenchyma (μm)*	72.75 a	60.45 b	70.76 a	62.44 b
Lacunous parenchyma (μm)*	133.22 a	119.34 b	134.14 a	118.42 b
Central vein length (μm)	566.59 a	516.14 b	519.91 b	562.83 a
Central vein width (μm)	663.28 a	581.30 b	568.71 b	675.87 a
Central vein vascular bundle area (μm²)	1666.89 a	1485.60 b	1449.17 b	1703.33 a
Amount of druses in the central vein	30.66 a	35.71 a	30.85 a	35.53 a
Petiole length (μm)	1481.60 a	1318.37 b	1330.00 b	1469.97 a
Petiole width (μm)	1297.23 a	1173.93 b	1200.46 b	1270.70 a
Petiole vascular bundle area (μm²)	2671.89 a	2459.47 b	2404.87 b	2726.49 a
Amount of druses in the petiole*	114.48 a	97.73 b	104.30 a	107.91 a
Amount of secretory cavities in the petiole	0.90 a	0.81 a	0.8333 a	0.83 a
Petiole secretory cavities area (μm²)	486.07 a	442.31 b	453.49 a	474.90 a

^*
Average followed by the same letter in seasons or luminosity does not differ statistically from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability level. Asterisk indicates that there is interaction between seasons and luminosity, more details in Table 3.

Table 3 Quantitative parameters of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC leaves of results that showed interaction between season and luminosity.

Season	Luminosity		Season	Luminosity
Season	Sun	Shade	Season	Sun	Shade
Epidermis adaxial (μm)			Epidermis abaxial (μm)
Rainy	34.02 aA	27.86 aB	Rainy	18.85 aA	16.93 aB
Dry	29.25 bA	29.84 aA	Dry	16.93 bA	18.23 aA
Adaxial cuticle (μm)			Abaxial cuticle (μm)
Rainy	16.01 aA	12.64 aB	Rainy	9.78 aA	8.62 aA
Dry	12.70 bA	13.50 aA	Dry	8.11 bA	9.06 aA
Leaf blade (μm)			Mesophill (μm)
Rainy	280.65 aA	236.32 aB	Rainy	226.26 aA	187.74 aB
Dry	234.74 bA	231.31 aA	Dry	184.96 bA	175.00 aA
Palisade parenchyma (μm)			Lacunous parenchyma (μm)
Rainy	81.44 aA	64.07 aB	Rainy	145.96 aA	120.48 aB
Dry	60.08 bA	60.82 aA	Dry	122.33 bA	116.36 aA
Amount of druses in the petiole
Rainy	102.60 aB	126.36 aA
Dry	106.00 aA	89.46 bA

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Anatomia ecológica foliar da <i>Eugenia punicifolia</i> (Kunth) DC. (MYRTACEAE) na restinga Cearense

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[TFN0101] ^*
Average followed by the same letter in seasons or luminosity does not differ statistically from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability level. There is no interaction between seasons and luminosity.