Background: The effects of therapeutic ultrasound irradiation on peripheral nerve regeneration are not well known, particularly regarding functional recovery. However, in rats, footprint evaluation is a well-systematized method for measuring the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), showing close correlation with morphological regeneration of damaged sciatic nerves. Objective: To analyze the influence of therapeutic ultrasound on sciatic nerve regeneration in rats subjected to controlled crushing. Method: 20 Wistar rats (mean body weight: 300 g) were divided into two experimental groups: 1) crushing only (n=10); 2) crushing followed by ultrasound irradiation (n=10). Under general anesthesia, a 5-mm segment of sciatic nerve proximal to its bifurcation in the right thigh was exposed and crushed with constant loading of 15 kg for 10 minutes, using a specially-built device. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound irradiation (1:5, 0.4 W/cm², 1 MHz, 2 minutes) was started on the first postoperative day and administered for ten consecutive days. Footprints were obtained weekly (postoperative weeks 13) using a specially-designed walkway, and evaluated using specifically-developed software, according to a previously-tested method, with automatic SFI calculation. Results: The SFI progressively increased in both groups: Group 2, from 101 in the first week to 59.21 (second) and 26.68 (third), i.e. 73% improvement overall; Group 1, from 98.2 (first) to 79.5 (second) and 44 (third), i.e. 55% improvement overall. The differences between the groups were significant for the second and third weeks (p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound accelerates the regeneration of crushed sciatic nerves in rats, as demonstrated by its functional recovery.
peripheral nerve regeneration; sciatic nerve of rats; crush injury; therapeutic ultrasound; sciatic functional index; functional evaluation
