The algorithm developed, in this work, is based on the finite difference method applied to the acoustic wave equation, assuming that the Earth has an acoustic behavior, that allow us to implement, in a numerical way, a seismic modeling employing regular grids in models representing two-dimensional geological media. Second derivatives with respect to space and time of wave equation are obtained by Taylor series expansion of fourth and second orders, respectively. The models are represented by two different kinds of parameterizations: blocks and trigonometric polynomials. Simulations of the wave propagation phenomenon are accomplished in several models represented by the two mentioned parameterizations, making possible to generate synthetic seismograms to be compared. Seismograms, obtained when the polynomial parameterization is used, show some undesired behaviors such as: production of artificial reflections, weakening of reflection events, suppression of diffractions, and a little alteration in calculated traveltimes and amplitudes. By the other hand, some advantages of the proposed polynomial parameterization are: economy of computer memory space (because a complicated velocity model can be represented by a few quantity of coefficients, it means: the model is not more stored in a file, but it is compressed, or contained, in a mathematical formula or an analytical representation); production of a smooth velocity model (useful to generate a time field to be used in seismic migration, for example, in reverse time migration); the polynomial coefficients are just the parameters of the model to be estimated by an inversion procedure (independently of the degree of geometrical complication of the model and how is varying the seismic velocity on it); realistic models are better represented by trigonometric polynomial than block parameterization; and the ambiguity commonly present in inversion techniques results, is reduced if sufficient data is available. Gibbs effects, present in polynomial representations, is avoided by the finite differences method by choosing conveniently the knots of the mesh or increasing the number of polynomial coefficients.
Velocity Field; Parameterization; Wave Equation; Finite-Difference Method; Seismograms
