Nutritional risk and associated factors in older people with HIV / AIDS and use of antiretroviral therapy in reference centers

Silva, Suelane Renata de Andrade; Marques, Ana Paula de Oliveira; Leal, Márcia Carréra Campos; Santos, Lilian Guerra Cabral dos; Araújo, Janaína Gabriela Coelho de; Araújo, Kydja Milene Souza Torres de

doi:10.1590/1981-22562021024.210209.en

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. 24 (5) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562021024.210209.en copy

Nutritional risk and associated factors in older people with HIV / AIDS and use of antiretroviral therapy in reference centers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To identify the nutritional risk of older people with HIV / AIDS and the associated factors.

Method

It is a cross-sectional and analytical study. 241 older people from the Reference Services in Recife/PE, Brazil participated. The dependent variable was Nutritional risk, assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the independent ones, the sociodemographic, lifestyle and health conditions.

Results

44% of participants with nutritional risk were identified. There was an association between nutritional risk and female gender, education between 1-4 years of study and symptoms of depression.

Conclusion

It is suggested to include screening measures for early intervention of nutritional status, such as Mini Nutritional Assessment in the care routine, with a view to enabling greater comprehensiveness in care in Gerontology and reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, and promoting longevity of better quality for those living with HIV.

Keywords
Older people; HIV; Nutritional status; Nutritional assessment

Evaluated factors	n (%)	p-value
Sociodemographic
Sex
Male	151 (62.7)	<0.001
Female	90 (37.3)	<0.001
Age
60 to 64 years	61 (25.3)	0.001
65 to 69 years	108 (44.8)
70 or more	72 (29.9)
Marital status
Single	83 (34.4)	<0.001
Married/with a partner	74 (30.7)
Widower	45 (18.7)
Separated/Divorced	39 (16.2)
Education
Illiterate	25 (10.4)	<0.001
1 to 4 years	69 (28.6)
5 to 8 years	59 (24.5)
9 to 11 years	56 (23.2)
Over 11 years	32 (13.3)
Individual monthly income*
No income	51 (6.2)	<0.001
<1 MW	27 (11.2)
1 to 2 MW	134 (55.7)
2 to 4 MW	36 (14.9)
More than 4 MW	29 (12.0)
Lives alone
No	166 (68.9)	<0.001
Yes	75 (31.1)	<0.001
How many people do you live with?
Only with partner	40 (16.6)
With more people	126 (52.3)
Origin of financial resources
Does not have its own earnings	19 (7.9)	<0.001
Salary or informal activity	38 (15.8)
Retired	156 (64.7)
Pensioner	18 (7.5)
Retired and pensioner	10 (4.1)
Contribution to family income
Fully	137 (56.8)	<0.001
Partially	86 (35.7)
Does not contribute	18 (7.5)
Lifestyle
Physical activity
No	113 (46.9)	0.334
Yes	128 (53.1)
Smoking
Never smoked	96 (39.8)	<0.001
Ex smoker	105 (43.6)
Smoker	40 (16.6)
Alcoholic beverage consumption
Daily	3 (1.2)	<0.001
1 to 6 times a week	14 (5.8)
Occasionally or rarely	60 (24.9)
No consumption	164 (68.0)
Health conditions
Functional impairment
Severe dependence	1 (0.4)	<0.001
Moderate dependence	15 (6.2)
Light dependency	22 (9.1)
Independence	203 (84.3)
Depressive symptoms
No suspicion of depression	161 (67.1)	<0.001
With suspected depression	79 (32.9)
Mini nutritional assessment
Normal	134 (55.8)
Nutritional risk	87 (36.3)	<0.001
Malnourished	19 (7.9)
Waist circumference
Without risk	105 (43.6)	0.001
High risk	56 (23.2)
Very high risk	80 (33.2)
Waist-hip ratio
No cardiovascular risk	115 (47.9)	0.519
With cardiovascular risk	125 (52.1)
Viral load rating
Detectable	24 (12.1)	<0.001
Not detectable	174 (87.9)

Evaluated factor	Absent	Present	No information	p-value
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH)	133(55.2%)	94(39.0%)	14(5.8%)	<0.001
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)	167(69.3%)	59(24.5%)	15(6.2%)	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)	200(83.0%)	24(10.0%)	17(7.0%)	<0.001
Osteoporosis	194(80.5%)	31(12.9%)	16(6.6%)	<0.001
Osteoarthrosis	201(83.4%)	26(10.8%)	14(5.8%)	<0.001
Neurological diseases	213(88.4%)	11(4.5%)	17(7.1%)	<0.001
Respiratory diseases	213(88.4%)	10(4.1%)	18(7.5%)	<0.001
Neoplasm	221(91.7%)	4(1.7%)	16(6.6%)	<0.001
Depression	212(88.0%)	12(4.9%)	17(7.1%)	<0.001
Chronic diseases	146(60.6%)	2(34.0%)	3(5.4%)	<0.001

Evaluated factors	Nutritional risk		p-value
Evaluated factors	Present	Absent	p-value
Sociodemographic
Sex
Male	55(36.4%)	96(63.6%)	0.002¹
Female	51(57.3%)	38(42.7%)	0.002¹
Age
60 to 64 years	25(41.0%)	36(59.0%)	0.212¹
65 to 69 years	43(40.2%)	64(59.8%)
70 or more	38(52.8%)	34(47.2%)
Marital status
Single	39(47.0%)	44(53.0%)	0.703¹
Married/with a partner	30(40.5%)	44(59.5%)
Widower	22(48.9%)	23(51.1%)
Separated/Divorced	15(39.5%)	23(60.5%)
Education (years)
0	13(52.0%)	12(48.0%)	0.003¹
1 to 4 years	43(62.3%)	26(37.7%)
5 to 8 years	21(35.6%)	38(64.0%)
9 to 11 years	19(34.5%)	36(65.5%)
Over 11 years	10(31.2%)	22(68.8%)
Individual monthly income*
No income	6(40.0%)	9(60.0%)	0.667¹
<1 MW	12(44.4%)	15(55.6%)
1 to 2 MW	63(47.4%)	70(52.6%)
2 to 4 MW	12(33.3%)	24(66.7%)
More than 4 MW	13(44.8%)	16(55.2%)
Lives alone
No	74(44.6%)	92(55.4%)	0.847¹
Yes	32(43.2%)	42(56.8%)	0.847¹
How many people do you live with?
Only with partner	16(40.0%)	24(60.0%)
With more people	58(46.0%)	68(54.0%)
Origin of financial resources
Does not have its own earnings	9(47.4%)	10(52.6%)	0.111¹
Salary or informal activity	11(28.9%)	27(71.1%)
Retired	76(49.0%)	79(51.0%)
Pensioner	8(44.4%)	10(55.6%)
Retired and pensioner	2(20.0%)	8(80.0%)
Contribution to family income
Fully	58(42.6%)	78(57.4%)	0.852¹
Partially	40(46.5%)	46(53.5%)
Does not contribute	8(44.4%)	10(55.6%)
Lifestyle
Physical activity
No	48(42.9%)	64(57.1%)	0.702¹
Yes	58(45.3%)	70(54.7%)
Smoking
Never smoked	46(47.9%)	50(52.1%)
Ex smoker	40(38.5%)	64(61.5%)	0.291¹
Smoker	20(50.0%)	20(50.0%)
Alcoholic beverage consumption
Daily	0(0.0%)	3(100.0%)
1 to 6 times a week	8(61.5%)	5(38.5%)
Occasionally or rarely	27(45.0%)	33(55.0%)	0.314²
No consumption	71(43.3%)	93(56.7%)
Health Conditions
Functional impairment
Severe dependence	1(100.0%)	0(0.0%)
Moderate dependence	10(66.7%)	5(33.3%)
Light dependency	11(50.0%)	11(50.0%)	0.124²
Independence	84(41.6%)	118(58.4%)
Depressive symptoms
No suspicion of depression	62(38.8%)	98(61.3%)	0.013¹
With suspected depression	44(55.7%)	35(44.3%)
Waist circumference
Without risk	57(54.3%)	48(45.7%)
High risk	23(41.8%)	32(58.2%)	0.012¹
Very high risk	26(32.5%)	54(67.5%)
Waist-hip ratio
No cardiovascular risk	52(45.6%)	62(54.4%)	0.617¹
With cardiovascular risk	53(42.4%)	72(57.6%)
Viral load rating
Detectable	15(62.5%)	9(37.5%)	0.047¹
Not detectable	71(41.0%)	102(59.0%)

Evaluated factors	Nutritional risk		p-value
Evaluated factors	Present	Absent	p-value
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH)
Absent	57(43.2%)	75(56.8%)	0.702¹
Present	43(45.7%)	51(54.3%)	0.702¹
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Absent	71(42.8%)	95(57.2%)	0.533¹
Present	28(47.5%)	31(52.5%)	0.533¹
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Absent	84(42.2%)	115(57.8%)	0.133¹
Present	14(58.3%)	10(41.7%)	0.133¹
Osteoporosis
Absent	80(41.5%)	113(58.5%)	0.083¹
Present	18(58.1%)	13(41.9%)	0.083¹
Osteoarthrosis
Absent	82(41.0%)	118(59.0%)	0.018¹
Present	17(65.4%)	9(34.6%)	0.018¹
Neurological diseases
Absent	95(44.8%)	117(55.2%)	0.355²
Present	3(27.3%)	8(72.7%)	0.355²
Respiratory diseases
Absent	94(44.3%)	118(55.7%)	1.000²
Present	4(40.0%)	6(60.0%)	1.000²
Neoplasia
Absent	97(44.1%)	123(55.9%)	1.000²
Present	2(50.0%)	2(50.0%)	1.000²
Depression
Absent	92(43.6%)	119(56.4%)	0.664¹
Present	6(50.0%)	6(50.0%)	0.664¹
Kidney dysfunction
Absent	42(42.4%)	57(57.6%)	0.140²
Present	1(12.5%)	7(87.5%)	0.140²
Chronic diseases
Absent	67(45.9%)	79(54.1%)	0.454¹
Present	33(40.7%)	48(59.3%)	0.454¹

Evaluated factors	PR	CI (95%)	p-value*
Sex
Male	1.00	-	-
Female	2.09	1.56 - 2.80	<0.001
Education
Over 11 years	1.00	-	-
9 to 11 years	1.04	0.57 - 1.90	0.89
5 to 8 years	1.06	0.60 - 1.89	0.84
1 to 4 years	1.73	1.02 - 2.94	0.041
Illiterate	1.25	0.68 - 2.30	0.474
Waist circumference
Very high risk	1.00	-	-
High risk	1.35	0.89 - 2.03	0.157
No risk	2.50	1.73 - 3.61	<0.001
Depressive symptoms*
No suspected depression	1.00	-	-
With suspected depression	1.34	1.02 - 1.75	0.035

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[1] Correspondence Suelane Renata de Andrade Silva suelaneandrade3@gmail.com

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Nutritional risk and associated factors in older people with HIV / AIDS and use of antiretroviral therapy in reference centers

Abstract

﻿Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion

Objective