1. Environment |
Q15) Technological level of the market |
Fan and Phan (2018)Fan, T., & Phan, P. (2018). International new ventures: Revisiting the Influences behind the ‘born-global’firm. International Entrepreneurship, 38(7), 131-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74228-1_5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-7422...
, Madsen and Servais (1997)Madsen, T. K., & Servais, P. (1997). The internationalization of Born Global are: An evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00032-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)...
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Q16) Level of market specialization |
2. Entrepreneur |
Q8) Previous experience |
Freixanet and Churakova (2018)Freixanet, J., & Churakova, I. (2018). Exploring the relationship between Internationalization stage, innovation, and performance: The case of spanish companies. International Journal of Business, 23(2), 131-150. https://ijb.cyut.edu.tw/var/file/10/1010/img/864/V232-2.pdf https://ijb.cyut.edu.tw/var/file/10/1010...
, Madsen and Servais (1997)Madsen, T. K., & Servais, P. (1997). The internationalization of Born Global are: An evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00032-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)...
, Ughetto (2016)Ughetto, E. (2016). Growth of born globals: The role of the entrepreneur’s personal factors and venture capital. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(3), 839-857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0368-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-036...
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Q9) High level of ambition |
Q10) High motivation for internationalization |
Q11) International background |
3. Organization |
Q12) Organizational capabilities |
Grazzi and Moschella (2018)Grazzi, M., & Moschella, D. (2018). Small, young, and exporters: New evidence on the determinants of firm growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 28(1), 125-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-017-0523-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-017-052...
, Madsen and Servais (1997)Madsen, T. K., & Servais, P. (1997). The internationalization of Born Global are: An evolutionary process? International Business Review, 6(6), 561-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)00032-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(97)...
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Q13) Structured routines |
Q14) Defined governance structure |
4. Internationalization Strategy |
Q17) Increased capacity for competition |
Oviatt et al. (2004)Oviatt, B., Shrader, R., & McDougall, P. (2004). The internationalization of new ventures: The risk management model. Advances in International Management, 16(1), 165-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)...
, Ribau et al. (2018)Ribau, C. P., Moreira, A. C., & Raposo, M. (2018). Categorising the internationalization of SMEs with social network analysis. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 35(1), 57-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2018.094264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2018.094...
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Q18) Increased international expansion and diversification |
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Q19) Competitive position and understanding of competition |
Q20) Arbitration and trading gains |
Q21) Diversification of cash flows |
Q22) Access to scarce resources and/or lower costs |
5. Networks |
Q23) Risk and cost sharing for new experiences |
Johanson and Martín Martín (2015)Johanson, M., & Martín Martín, O. (2015). The incremental expansion of Born Internationals: A comparison of new and old Born Internationals. International Business Review, 24(3), 476-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.10.006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014...
, Oviatt et al. (2004)Oviatt, B., Shrader, R., & McDougall, P. (2004). The internationalization of new ventures: The risk management model. Advances in International Management, 16(1), 165-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)...
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Q24) Strength to operate in international markets |
Stocker and Abib (2019)Stocker, F., & Abib, G. (2019). Risk management in born globals: The case of Brazilian craft breweries. Brazilian Business Review, 16(4), 334-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2019.16.4.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2019.16.4...
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Q25) Learning and know-how |
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6. Internationalization Process |
Q26) International level of exposure |
Grazzi and Moschella (2018)Grazzi, M., & Moschella, D. (2018). Small, young, and exporters: New evidence on the determinants of firm growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 28(1), 125-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-017-0523-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-017-052...
Oviatt et al. (2004)Oviatt, B., Shrader, R., & McDougall, P. (2004). The internationalization of new ventures: The risk management model. Advances in International Management, 16(1), 165-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)16009-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-7929(04)...
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Q27) Number of countries |
Q28) Efficiency improvements and economies of scale and scope |
7. Risk Perception |
Q29) Low perception of commercial risks |
Cavusgil et al. (2014)Cavusgil, St., Knight, G., & Riesenberger, J. R. (2014). International business. Austrália: Pearson., Liesch et al. (2011)Liesch, P., Welch, L., & Buckley, P. (2011). Risk and uncertainty in internationalization and international entrepreneurship studies. Management International Review, 51(6), 851-873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-011-0107-y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-011-010...
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Q30) Low perception of intercultural risks |
Q31) Low perception of monetary risks |
Q32) Low perception of country risks |