The Assessment of Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women is not Associated to Fetal Growth Restriction: A Cross Sectional Study

Marçal, Vivian Macedo Gomes; Sousa, Francisco Lázaro Pereira; Daher, Silvia; Grohmann, Raquel Margiotte; Peixoto, Alberto Borges; Araujo Júnior, Edward; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1735158

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet. 43 (10) • Oct 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735158 copy

The Assessment of Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women is not Associated to Fetal Growth Restriction: A Cross Sectional Study

A avaliação dos níveis de vitamina D em gestantes não está associada à restrição do crescimento fetal: um estudo transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To assess maternal serum levels of vitamin D in fetuses appropriate for gestational age (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), and with fetal growth restriction (FGR) according to estimated fetal weight (EFW).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 87 pregnant women between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation: 38 in the AGA group, 24 in the SGA group, and 25 in the FGR group. Maternal serum vitamin D levels were assessed using the chemiluminescence method. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the results between the groups.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of maternal age (years) and body mass index (kg/m²) in the AGA, SGA, and FGR groups were 25.26 8.40 / 26.57 ± 4.37; 25.04 ± 8.44 / 26.09 ± 3.94; and 25.48 ± 7.52 / 26.24 ± 4.66, respectively (p > 0.05). The maternal serum vitamin D levels (mean ± SD) of the AGA, SGA, and FGR groups were 22.47 ± 8.35 ng/mL, 24.80 ± 10.76 ng/mL, and 23.61 ± 9.98 ng/mL, respectively, but without significant differences between the groups (p = 0.672).

Conclusion

Maternal serum vitamin D levels did not present significant differences among pregnant women with AGA, SGA, or FGR fetuses between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation according to EFW.

Keywords:
pregnancy; maternal serum levels; vitamin D; small for gestational age; fetal growth restriction

	AGA (n = 38)				SGA (n = 24)				FGR (n = 25)				p-value^* * Tukey's multiple comparisons, p < 0.05.
	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Age (years)	25.3	8.4	15.0	42.0	25.0	8.4	15.0	41.0	25.5	7.5	15.0	42.0	0.983
GA (weeks)	31.1	2.9	26.0	35.9	33.0	2.6	27.7	36.7	32.2	3.2	26.3	36.0	0.556
Maternal weight (Kg)	69.4	14.6	49.3	105.8	65.3	11.0	51.0	84.6	65.2	13.1	39.0	85.2	0.659
Maternal height (m)	1.6	0.1	1.5	1.8	1.6	0.1	1.5	1.8	1.6	0.1	1.5	1.7	0.690
Maternal BMI (Kg/m²)	26.6	4.4	19.8	37.1	26.1	3.9	20.7	35.2	26.2	4.7	16.4	34.6	0.922
EFW (grams)	1725	526,6	958	2788	1678,0	408,7	879	2261,0	1409	455,4	630	2053	0.030

	AGA (n = 38)	SGA (n = 24)	FGR (n = 25)	p-value
Fish consumption	7 (18.4%)	1 (4.2%)	5 (20%)	0.233^* * Fisher exact test: frequency (centile).
Exposure to sunlight	15 (39.5%)	9 (37.5%)	11 (44%)	0.925^* * Fisher exact test: frequency (centile).
Smoking	8 (21.1%)	2 (8.3%)	2 (8%)	0.325^* * Fisher exact test: frequency (centile).
Vitamin D supplement	3 (7.9%)	1 (4.2%)	1 (4%)	0.999^* * Fisher exact test: frequency (centile).
Vit D level (ng/ml)	22.5 ( ± 8.3)	23.6 ( ± 9.9)	24.8 ( ± 10.8)	0.672^ ANOVA: mean (standard deviation), p < 0.05.

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[1] Address for correspondence Edward Araujo Júnior, PhD, R. Botucatu, 740, 04023-062, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (e-mail: araujojred@terra.com.br).