Immunosuppression has caused changes in the natural history of Chagas' disease with reports of reactivation of the disease in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and organ transplant patients and during chemotherapy treatment in patients with hematological malignances. We report on a case of reactivation of Chagas' disease in a patient with meningoencephalitis during chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without any relation to hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and with late detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Despite specific treatment with benznidazole, the patient died 8 days later. High clinical suspicion and sensitive diagnostic methods are fundamental for early diagnosis and initiation of treatment in order to minimize mortality.
Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; lymphoma; chemotherapy; immunosuppression; stem cell transplantation
