The determination of the blood group antigen profile of blood donors and transfusion patients is important to avoid alloimmunization. The knowledge of blood group polymorphisms acquired over the last few years has permitted the development of molecular methods that are able to predict blood group phenotypes. For patients who have recently been transfused or those who present with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, genotyping is an important tool in blood typing. We used molecular biology (allele-specific PCR and PCR-RFLP) to genotype Rh (RHD, RHCE*C/c, RHCE*E/e), Kell (KEL*1/KEL*2), Kidd (JK*A/JK*B) and Duffy (FY*A/FY*B and FYB(-33T>C)) alleles and solved the inconclusive blood types of 36 patients. Twenty patients had developed irregular antibodies of different red blood cell antigens, most frequently anti-E (55%). The definition of irregular antibodies was feasible by genotyping. Due to their accuracy, simplicity and economic viability, these tests have been used in the clinical practice in our Institution since 2007, contributing to the management of chronically transfused patients. Additionally, these tests allow a better use of less common blood units related to the ethnicity of the blood donor population.
Blood group systems; DNA genotyping; transfusion
