Anemia in end stage renal disease occurs due to the reduction in the production of erythropoietin caused by the decrease in functional renal mass. Erythropoietin has been indicated in the treatment of anemia however, about 5% of patients are resistant to this treatment. In erythropoietin resistance, it is necessary to increase the dosage to more than 12000 U/Kg/weekly, but even so the hematocrit target, which should remain between 33 and 36%, is not reached. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are significantly associated to resistance to erythropoietin treatment and so pentoxifylline is used to inhibit the production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study was carried out with hemodialysis patients at the Ribamar Vaz Institute of Nephrology - in the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital of Maceió. Patients with diagnoses of resistance to erythropoietin received 400mg VO pentoxifylline after hemodialysis over a period of six months. The hematocrit and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were analyzed three times: in the first month, at the end of three months (12 patients) and at the end of six months (7 patients). The mean CRP of the 12 patients in the first month was 5.65 and in the third month it was 2.58. However, in the sixth month, with the 7 patients remaining in the protocol, it was 4.55. No significant differences were observed. The final average hematocrit concentration of the patients was 28.74%. The average hematocrit concentration, in the six-month evaluation that preceded the project, was 26.22%. Statistically-relevant differences were not observed in the 12 patients followed up for 3 months or in the 7 that concluded the study. No correlations between the levels of CRP and hematocrit concentration were observed. However, in our sampling, the mean basal CRP was not high and this might have been an important factor to explain the difference between our results and other published reports. Thus, we conclude that there are no benefits with the use of pentoxifylline. However, further, more comprehensive studies are necessary in order to investigate the use of this drug as support in erythropoietin resistanc.
Anemia; end stage renal disease; renal dialysis; erythropoietin
