Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has changed since the introduction of imatinib mesylate (IM) 10 years ago. IM acts as a target therapy against the BCR-ABL gene by inhibiting its tyrosine kinase activity. This revolution in treating CML compels the introduction of molecular techniques, such as real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) to monitor the response to IM by providing an accurate measurement of the degree to which the BCR-ABL transcript is reduced or an early detection of loss of response identified by a rising level of BCR-ABL. In this review, we summarize the Brazilian CML consensus regarding the main procedures used to monitor CML patients treated with IM.
BCR-ABL; quantitative PCR; CML; mutation analysis