ZAP-70 is a 70Kd protein kinase present in normal T Lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK), but absent in normal B lymphocytes. Nevertheless, B cells in some B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients express ZAP-70 and it has been found to be associated with the unmutated status of immunoglobulin heavy chains (IgVH) genes, a strong prognostic factor in CLL. In addition, the ZAP-70 expression in CLL cells is stable over time, differently to the CD38 expression, another prognostic marker in CLL. Several studies have been performed to validate the ZAP-70 expression as a surrogate marker for the IgVH mutation status which uses a laborious and time consuming technique. Using monoclonal antibodies, anti-ZAP-70 is easily detected by a rapid and sensitive flow cytometric technique. Upstate Biotechnology developed the first unconjugated antibody (2F3.2 clone) and soon after other products were developed, including fluorochrome conjugated ones, facilitating the technical assays. ZAP-70 can be evaluated by flow cytometric methods and its expression predicts the prognosis in the great majority of CLL cases.
ZAP-70; CLL; prognosis
