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Article • Rev. Bras. Inov. 19 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v19i0.8658753   copy

The resurgence of industrial policies in the age of advanced manufacturing: an international comparison of industrial policy documents* * This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. David Kupfer. It is partly the outcome of Mateus L. Labrunie’s master’s research supervised by Prof. David Kupfer at PPGE/IE-UFRJ, funded by CAPES. The research was complemented in close collaboration with Prof. Caetano C. R. Penna, in the context of the project Indústria 2027, funded by Instituto Euvaldo Lodi. The authors would like to thank Professors João Carlos Ferraz, José Cassiolato, Luciano Coutinho, and Luiz Antonio Elias who provided comments and criticisms to the early versions of the research. Acknowledgements are also due to Professor Ha-Joon Chang and Georges Quist for comments on later versions of the article. Finally, we would like to thank the inputs received by two anonymous referees

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Abstract

This paper analyses recent industrial policy plans made by five leading countries: China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. This is done through the analysis of policy documents, using an original framework. Our analysis reveals that these policies have two main motivations. First, the acknowledgement of new technological opportunities and challenges, that allow not only for higher growth rates and competitiveness, but also for addressing ‘societal challenges’ (persistent socio-environmental problems). Second, the growing understanding that, because of the increasing complexity of innovation, private sector efforts alone are not enough, and a higher level of convergence between actors and institutions is needed. We also identify that the policy structures and proposed instruments of these strategies are quite conventional, which contrasts with the rhetoric of these policies. This reveals that the ‘resurgence’ of industrial policies is yet not a return to the ‘old’ policies of the twentieth century, but a new breed, which is much more cautious of interfering with market mechanisms.

Keywords:
Industrial policy; Innovation strategies; Policy framework; Advanced manufacturing; Fourth Industrial Revolution

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