EFECTO DEL ENTRENAMIENTO DE INTERVALOS DE ALTA INTENSIDAD SOBRE EL CONSUMO DE OXÍGENO DESPUÉS DELEJERCICIO: METAANÁLISIS

João, Gustavo Allegretti; Rodriguez, Daniel; Tavares, Lucas D.; Carvas Júnior, Nelson; Pontes Júnior, Francisco Luciano; Rica, Roberta Luksevicius; Bocalini, Danilo Sales; Baker, Julien S.; Figueira Júnior, Aylton

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Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

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Systematic Review, Physiology • Rev Bras Med Esporte 29 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012021_0005 copiar

EFECTO DEL ENTRENAMIENTO DE INTERVALOS DE ALTA INTENSIDAD SOBRE EL CONSUMO DE OXÍGENO DESPUÉS DELEJERCICIO: METAANÁLISIS

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Introducción:

El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis para comparar los efectos de dos modelos de intervención de entrenamiento sobre el exceso de consumo de oxígeno post-ejercicio (EPOC) en individuos sanos en entrenamiento, y el objetivo secundario fue comprender si el consumo de oxígeno después del ejercicio realmente puede proporcionar una ayuda sustancial.

Objetivo:

Preparar una revisión de metaanálisis para comparar un modelo de entrenamiento de dos intervenciones (experimental: entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad; y control: continuo de intensidad moderada) y los efectos sobre el EPOC total en individuos sanos.

Participantes:

Los 17 estudios se consideraron de buena calidad metodológica y de bajo riesgo de sesgo.

Métodos:

Se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas en bases de datos electrónicas sin restricción de año de publicación. Los descriptores utilizados se obtuvieron de la consulta a Mesh (PubMed) y DeCS (Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud de BIREME).

Resultados:

Los hallazgos del presente estudio mostraron una tendencia (modelo de efectos aleatorios: 0,87, IC 95% [0,35; 1,38], I2 = 73%, p < 0,01) de aumento del EPOC cuando las medidas se realizaron después de un entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad.

Conclusiones:

Nuestro estudio se centró en el análisis de resultados del consumo de oxígeno post-ejercicio de alta y moderada intensidad.. A pesar de la creciente popularidad del entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad, hemos comprobado que los beneficios agudos y crónicos siguen siendo limitados. Entendemos que la falta de un protocolo y variables de entrenamiento estandarizadas proporcionan un consenso limitado para determinar la magnitud del EPOC. Sugerimos que los estudios experimentales longitudinales pueden proporcionar conclusiones más sólidas. Otro factor de confusión en los estudios investigados fue la magnitud (tiempo en minutos) de las mediciones del VO2 al evaluar el EPOC. Los tiempos de medición oscilaron entre 60 y 720 minutos. Los estudios longitudinales y los diseños experimentales controlados facilitarían mediciones más precisas y el número correcto de sujetos proporcionaría tamaños de efecto precisos. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión sistemáticab de Estudios.

Descriptores:
Consumo de oxigeno; Ejercicio; Acondicionamiento físico humano; Entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad

Study	Sample size	Gender		Age (years)	Weight (kg)	Height (cm)
Abboud et al. (2013)	8	healthy men	both (untrained and trained)	22 ± 3	88.0 ± 8.7	176.0 ± 5.0
Aguiar et al. (2015)	22	healthy men	trained	29 ± 4	70.2 ± 8.6	181.0 ± 8.0
Cunha et al. (2016)	10	healthy men	trained	28 ± 4	NR	NR
Ferreira et al. (2016)	5	healthy men	trained	31 ± 7.7	77.0 ± 7.7	180.2 ± 4.3
Greer et al. (2015)	10	healthy men	physically active	22 ± 2	77.1 ± 16.4	173.0 ±11.6
Haltom et al. (1999)	7	healthy men	trained	27 ± 1	85.4 ± 3	180.4 ± 2.8
Islam et al. (2018)	8	active young men	trained	23 ± 3	78.7 ± 8.1	178.2 ± 2.7
Littlefield et al. (2017)	7	healthy men	untrained	43 ± 10	100.6 ± 17.7	177.0 ± 0.06
Luszczyk et al. (2017)	6	healthy men	recreationally active	23 ± 1	NR	NR
Matsuo et al. (2012)	10	healthy men	trained	24 ± 3.3	61.9 ± 5.7	170.8 ± 5.0
Salvador et al. (2016)	13	healthy men	futsal players trained	23 ± 6	76.0 ±10.2	178.7 ± 6.6
Schaun et al .(2017)	26	healthy men	physically active	CONT: 23 ± 3; HIIT: 23 ± 3	CONT: 79.9 ± 12.6; HIIT: 73.8±12.6	CONT: 179.0 ±5: HIIT 175.0 ± 4.8
Schleppenbach et al. (2017)	26	healthy men and women	physically active	21 ± 3	75.16±16.37	172.54 ± 9.24
Thornton et al. (2002)	14	healthy female	trained women	27 ± 5	63.1±4.2	164.5± 7.3
Townsend et al (2014)	16	healthy men and women	healthy recreationally active	male 24 ± 4 / female 22 ± 1	male 83.6 ± 10.1 / female 65.4 ± 9.2	male 180.8 ± 6.7 / female 168.9 ± 6.2
Tucker et al (2016)	10	healthy men	recreationally active males and nonsmoking	24 ± 4	73.1 ± 8.2	171.6 ± 5.1
Valstad et al (2017)	12	healthy men and women	healthy college students	22 ± 2	70.0 ± 7.7	176 ± 0.09
Haddock et al. (2006)	15	healthy women	resistance trained	24 ± 1	63.5 ± 2.4	± 1.5

Study	Exercise modality	Intervention	Exercise intensity (% max); (interval:rest)		Frequency (days/week)	Exercise time (min)	Attendance rate, dropouts and adverse events	Instrument
Study	Exercise modality	Intervention	High-intensity (HIIT)	Moderate-intensity (CONT)	Frequency (days/week)	Exercise time (min)	Attendance rate, dropouts and adverse events	Instrument
Abboud et al. (2013)	RT	investigate the effect of load-volume on EPOC; total load-volume 20,000 kg vs . total load-volume 10,000 kg	total load-volume 20,000 kg; 4 exercises; 6 - 8 reps; 85% 1RM	total load-volume 10,000 kg; 4 exercises; 6 - 8 reps; 85% 1RM	1 day	10,000 kg = 90 min; 20,000 kg = 43.6 min	-	ParvoMedics
Aguiar et al. (2015)	Running	training status and blood lactate concentration (BLC) responses on the EPOC	HIIT: 1-min (all-out test by 100 m - sprint) in sprinters individuals	CONT: 1-min (all-out test by 100 m - sprint) in endurance individuals.	5 to 6 days of the week	1 min	-	K4b²
Cunha et al. (2016)	Running and Cycling	investigate (EPOC) of continuous and intermittent running and cycling (isocaloric) exercises	HIIT: (2 x 200) running and cycling 75% VO₂	CONT: (400 kcal) running and cycling 75% VO₂	3 times per week	CONT running: 32min; HIIT running: 38min; CONT cycling: 37min; HIIT cycling: 43min	-	VO2000
Ferreira et al. (2016)	Cycling	determine the effects of a diet High CHO in EPOC after a set exhaustive exercise	115% of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) until exhaustion with low (10% CHO)	115% of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak) until exhaustion with low or high pre-exercise (80% CHO)	1 day with 7-day interval for each test	6 min	-	K4b₂
Greer et al. (2015)	Cycling / RT	compare the effect of exercise and EPOC intensity controlling energy expenditure and duration	Cycling HIIT: 90% VO₂ peak 30-sec; IR:120-180s; CT: 4 exercise, 60% of the 1RM for one set until fatigue with 1min of rest between exercises	CONT: 39% VO₂ peak	1 time every 7 days, totaling 3 times	Cycling (HIIT or CONT): 43 min; CT 46 min	-	ParvoMedics
Islam et al. (2018)	Running	examined EPOC and fat utilization following acute at CONT and SIT	repeated “all-out” sprinting	65% VO₂max	1 day	CONT = 30 min; SIT= 14 min	-	Gas collection system (MAX II)
Littlefield et al. (2017)	Running	to evaluate the effects of low and high intensity exercise on postprandial lipemia; and to determine the contribution of EPOC	70 to 80% do VO₂ reserve	40 to 50% VO₂ reserve	-	HIIT: 74min CONT: 47 min	-	ParvoMedics & VO2000
Matsuo et al. (2012)	Cycling	verify the association between the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and EPOC using three protocols with different intensities, that is, SIT; HIIT; CONT	SIT = 7 sets of 30 seconds, 120% VO₂max; HIIT = 3 sets of 3 min; 80-90% VO₂max.	60 to 65% VO₂max.	3 days	30 min all protocols	-	AE-310S
Schaun et al. (2017)	Running	compare the energy expenditure during and after two treadmill protocols, HIIT and CONT	8 bouts (20-sec at 130% of the velocity associated with the VO₂max.;10-sec of RI;	submaximal velocity equivalent to 90-95% HR.	1 day	HIIT: 27 min; CONT: 30min	-	VO 2000
Schleppenbach et al. (2017)	Running / RT	check the impact of high- and moderate-intensity (SIT vs . CT), without recovery oxygen consumption in exercise	Running SIT: consisted of ten 30-sec running bouts on a self-propelled treadmill, with 30-sec RI;	CT (2 sets; star jumps; high-knees; burpees; line jumps; wall-taps; 30-sec exercise:30-sec RI)	-	All protocol was similar: 10 min	The original sample size, before dropouts occurred were 16 subjects for each group	K4b²
Townsend et al. (2014)	Running / Cycling	determine the acute effects of 1 session of SIT run at EPOC and there are gender differences	running: “all-out” efforts as fast as possible; 4min RI	cycling: 4 rep, 30-sec “all-out”, 75% body mass; 4min RI	-	28 min all protocols	-	SensorMedics Corporation
Tucker et al. (2016)	Cycling	Compared EPOC after HIIT; and CONT	“all out”, six 30-second Wingate sprints, separated by 4 min RI	30 minutes at 80% of HRpeak	12 days	HIIT - 23 min CONT - 30 min	-	Oxycon Mobile^TM
Valstad et al. (2017)	Running	compared the effects of long and short intervals of exercise bouts on running performance (EPOC)	short intervals (4 × 8 × 20-sec, 90-95% of HRpeak	long (4 × 4 min), 80% of HRpeak	2 days	-	-	OxyconPro;
Haltom et al. (1999)	RT	energy expenditure during and after CT determine the effect of rest-interval duration upon the magnitude of 1 h of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)	20 RI; 20 reps; 75% 1-RM	60 RI; 20 reps; 75% 1-RM	1 day	HIIT: 13 min; CONT: 23 min	-	Automated metabolic analysis system

Parameters	Studies	Number of participants	Meta-analysis				Trim and Fill effect size (CI-95%) [adjusted studies]
Parameters	Studies	Number of participants	SMD	CI-95%	P-value	I²	Trim and Fill effect size (CI-95%) [adjusted studies]
VO₂ (L)	17
High-intensity		152
Moderate-intensity		150	1.24	0.78 to 1.71	< 0.01	67%	0.86 (0.40 to 1.32)
Resistance training	2
High-intensity		15
Moderate-intensity		15	2.63	-2.83 to 8.09	> 0.05	93%
EXERCISE MODALITY
Running	7
High-intensity		72
Moderate-intensity		70	1.32	0.65 to 1.99	< 0.01	67%
Cycling	8
High-intensity		65
Moderate-intensity		65	1.13	0.57 to 1.69	< 0.01	49%
CALORIE (kcal)	8
High-intensity		86
Moderate-intensity		84	1.89	1.08 to 2.71	< 0.01	77%
EXERCISE MODALITY
Resistance Training	5
High-intensity		56
Moderate-intensity		56	2.51	1.25 to 3.77	< 0.01	82%
Cycling	2
High-intensity		16
Moderate-intensity		16	0.85	-0.23 to 1.94	> 0.05	47%

Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte Av. Brigadeiro Luís Antônio, 278, 6º and., 01318-901 São Paulo SP, Tel.: +55 11 3106-7544, Fax: +55 11 3106-8611 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: atharbme@uol.com.br

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[1] Correspondence: Gustavo Allegretti João, R. Santo Antônio, 607, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP. 01314-000 . gustavoallegretti@hotmail.com