HEALTH CARE EFFECT OF SPORTS ON IMPROVING PHYSICAL FUNCTION

EFEITO DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE DO ESPORTE NA MELHORIA DA FUNÇÃO FÍSICA

EFECTO DE ATENCIÓN A LA SALUD DEL DEPORTE EN LA MEJORÍA DE LA FUNCIóN FÍSICA

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

One of the basic tasks of physical education in colleges and universities is to guide students to exercise and strengthen their physical fitness. Therefore, we need to study the physical function status of college students and the law of change in the learning process.

Objective:

To conduct physical training for college students and study the impact of exercise on physical function.

Methods:

Female college students are randomly divided into three groups with different training programs. The training cycle lasts 12 weeks.

Results:

There were statistical differences in the physical functions and qualities of the three groups of students after different training programs. Aerobic and strength training has obvious effects on improving students’ skills.

Conclusion:

The combination of aerobic exercise and strength training enhances the physical function of female students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Keywords:
Students; Aerobic Exercises; Exercise; Physical Fitness

RESUMO

Introdução:

Uma das tarefas básicas da educação física em escolas e universidades é orientar os alunos para que façam exercícios e fortaleçam sua aptidão física. Portanto, precisamos estudar o status da função física de estudantes universitários e a lei da mudança no processo de aprendizado.

Objetivo:

Conduzir treinamentos físicos para alunos universitários e estudar o impacto da atividade na função física.

Métodos:

Universitárias (sexo feminino) foram aleatoriamente separadas em três grupos, com diferentes programas de treinamento. O ciclo de treinamento durou 12 semanas.

Resultados:

Houve diferenças estatísticas na função e qualidade físicas dos três grupos de estudantes depois de programas de treinamento diferentes. Treinos aeróbicos e de força tem efeitos evidentes na melhoria da habilidade das estudantes.

Conclusão:

O exercício aeróbico combinado com treino de força melhora a função física de estudantes do sexo feminino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento.

Descritores:
Estudantes; Exercício Aeróbico; Exercício Físico; Aptidão Física

RESUMEN

Introducción:

Una de las tareas básicas de la educación física en escuelas y universidades es orientar a los alumnos para que hagan ejercicios y fortalezcan su aptitud física. Por lo tanto, necesitamos estudiar el status de la función física de estudiantes universitarios y la ley del cambio en el proceso de aprendizaje.

Objetivo:

Conducir entrenamientos físicos para alumnos universitarios y estudiar el impacto de la actividad en la función física.

Métodos:

Universitarias (sexo femenino) fueron aleatoriamente separadas en tres grupos, con diferentes programas de entrenamiento. El ciclo de entrenamiento duró 12 semanas.

Resultados:

Hubo diferencias estadísticas en la función y calidad físicas de los tres grupos de estudiantes después de programas de entrenamiento diferentes. Entrenamientos aeróbicos y de fuerza tienen efectos evidentes en la mejoría de la habilidad de las estudiantes.

Conclusión:

El ejercicio aeróbico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza mejora la función física de estudiantes del sexo femenino. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Descriptores:
Estudiantes; Ejercicio Aeróbico; Ejercicio Físico; Aptitud Física

INTRODUCTION

Cross-century college students shoulder the important task of rejuvenating the country through science and education. This requires them to have a healthy body. Female college students with the appropriate weight, less body fat, and better bone and muscle development have better body systems.¹ There is a certain amount of research on the physique of low-weight female college students. However, there are few studies on how to improve the physical fitness of low-weight female college students. Therefore, this article intends to use a combination of aerobic exercises and strength training for 12 weeks to observe the changes in physical fitness of low-weight female college students before and after exercise. At the same time, compare the indicators of three groups of low-weight female college students. In this way, methods and measures to improve and improve the physique of low-weight female college students are discussed. This can provide a theoretical basis and reference for female college students’ physical education and fitness in China.² At the same time, the article can also provide some methods and measures for improving the physical fitness of our nationals and students.

METHOD

Research objects and groups

The research object is a female college student of a certain university. 60 low-weight female college students with BMI ≤ 20 were calculated through height and weight measurement. We randomly group them.³ Among them, 30 were in the training group, 15 were in the training control group, and 15 were in the untrained control group. There were no significant differences in the indicators of the three groups of research subjects. Requirements for the training and control groups: (1) All students have not undergone systematic physical exercise. (2) All students have no visceral diseases, metabolic diseases, and exercise contraindications. (3) Volunteer to participate in 12 weeks of exercise. The untrained control group had a normal study and life. A small bag of milk (243ml) and an apple were added to the original diet principle in terms of nutrition. The training program of the research object is shown in Table 1. The training method of the training group. Table 2 Exercise methods of the training control group.

Table 1
Exercise methods of the training group.

Purpose	Develop cardiopulmonary function	Gain weight
Exercise mode	Aerobics, skipping rope	Strength Training
Exercise intensity	1 ~ 6 weeks: target heart rate = (HRmax-HRrest) × (40%-60%) + heart rate at rest 7 ~ 12 weeks: target heart rate = (HRmax-HRrest) × (60%-80%) + heart rate at rest	1 ~ 6 weeks: 10 ~ 15 times × 3 groups, 65% ~ 75% of maximum weight; 7 ~ 12 weeks: 8 ~ 10 times × 3 groups, 75% ~ 80% of maximum weight
Frequency	35.4	26.4
Time	30 ~ 40 minutes	30 ~ 40 minutes
Site	Gym	Gym

Table 2
Exercise methods of the training control group.

Purpose	Gain weight
Exercise mode	Strength Training
Exercise intensity	1~6 weeks: 10~15 times × 3 groups, 65%~75% of maximum weight; 7~12 weeks: 8~10 times × 3 groups, 75%~80% of maximum weight
Frequency	2~3 times a week
Time	30~40 minutes
Site	Gym

Research indicators

The physical function test covers indicators such as pulse, blood pressure, vital capacity, step test, etc.

Research methods

The literature data method collects and organizes relevant literature on the physical exercise of low-weight female college students at home and abroad through books and materials.⁴ The student’s physique test method adopts the Huaxia Huaihai brand wireless intelligent tester produced in Beijing.

Assessment of Sports Skills Ability

Construct a statistical information analysis model for the evaluation of sports skills and abilities. According to the mining results of the evaluation information of sports skills and ability, the characteristics of sports skills and ability are reconstructed.⁵ Constructing a regression analysis model for the assessment of sports skills and abilities is expressed as:

(1) $$x_i=\{\begin{array}{l}0,M-{\displaystyle \sum _{j=1}^{\left[n/2\right]}{\omega }_j-{\displaystyle \sum _{j=\left[n/2\right]+1}^i{\omega }_j-{\displaystyle \sum _{j=i+1}^k{\omega }_j<0,i\le k}}}\\ f_i\left(M,n,\omega ,c,r\right)=\min \{f\left(M,n,\omega ,c,r\right)\}\\ 1,M-{\displaystyle \sum _{j=1}^{\left[n/2\right]}{\omega }_j-{\displaystyle \sum _{j=\left[n/2\right]+1}^i{\omega }_j-{\displaystyle \sum _{j=i+1}^k{\omega }_j>0}}}\end{array}$$

The fuzzy correlation detection method is used to perform feature matching to obtain a big data analysis model to evaluate sports skills. We use the linear prediction method to evaluate sports skills to obtain the association mapping relationship between the constraint parameter set R^N and X^N of the sports skills evaluation:

(2) $$p\left(R^N=r_i\right)=p\left(X^N=x_i|\left|x_i\right|=\left|r_i\right|,angle\left(x_i\right)|=\left(angle\left(r_i\right)-{\phi }_g\right)\mathrm{mod}\left(2\pi \right)\right)$$

Based on the field-habituation theory, a facilitating factor describing the evaluation of sports skills is obtained. The expression is as follows:

(3) $$H\left(R^N\right)=-{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{M}p\left(r_i\right)\log \left(p\left(r_i\right)\right)=-{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{M}p\left(x_i\right)\log \left(p\left(x_i\right)\right)=H\left(X^N\right)}}$$

In formula (3)M is the number of eigen decomposition based on the field-habitus theory. Combined with the fuzzy clustering method to carry out the quantitative analysis of sports skill assessment under the background of big data, the data clustering process obtains the big data sampling sample regression sequence of fuzzy clustering as h(x) = Σ i^-a / Σ i^-a → x^1-a when N → ∞. We use the correlation fusion method to perform factor analysis to obtain the robustness test output of the sports skill ability evaluation as:

(4) $$p=-\left(f_{x1}+g_{x2}\right){|}_{P_0}\left(x_1^0,x_2^0\right)$$

(5) $$q=\det A$$

Statistical processing

We used to excel to build the original database. All data are statistically processed using the Spss10.0 software package.⁶ The data of different groups (between groups) were tested with independent samples before and after exercise. The data is expressed in the form of M±SD. The significance level is taken as 0.05.

RESULTS

After 12 weeks, the 60 low-weight female college students in the training group, the training control group, and the non-exercising control group were compared. The results were as follows: The intravenous injection of the non-training control group was very significant (P<0.01). An intravenous pulse in the training control group was significant (P<0.05). The step experiment index of the untrained control group was significant (P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure of the training control group was very significant (P<0.01). The vital capacity of the training group was significant (P<0.05). (Table 3)

Table 3
Comparison of physical functions of the three groups of subjects after 12 weeks (M±SD).

Index	Training group	Training control group	Untrained control group
An intravenous beat (times)	78.70±8.97	82.60±3.96	83.67±7.87
Step test index	53.67±6.73	51.13±5.90	49.20±7.17
Systolic blood pressure (kPa)	12.50±0.99	11.60±0.90	12.33±0.88
Diastolic blood pressure (kPa)	7.97±0.85	7.67±0.70	7.77±1.01
Vital capacity (ml)	2379.50±443.91	2164.40±241.20	2153.47±579.23

DISCUSSION

The effect of physical exercise on heart rate

The heart is the most important muscle tissue in the human body. Heart rate is the frequency of periodic mechanical activities of the heart, and the measurement method is expressed in times per minute.⁷ Heart rate is one of the most commonly used physiological indicators in the evaluation of cardiac function. Changes in heart rate can judge the effect of exercise on heart function. The intravenous injection rate of the training group was lower than that of the training control group and the untrained control group. This shows that the training group combined aerobic exercise and strength training after 12 weeks of exercise is better than the single strength training of the training control group. This is more obvious than low-weight female college students who did not exercise in the control group. In recent years, some domestic scholars have used non-invasive quantitative analysis methods to detect changes in cardiac hemodynamics and have obtained relatively consistent results.⁸ Compared with ordinary people, athletes have a low pulse rate, a large heart output per stroke, a large heart output per distraction, a large heartbeat index, and a large effective left ventricular pump power when athletes are at rest. After the load, the changes of the above indicators are better than those of ordinary people. This shows that the heart function of athletes is better than that of ordinary people. Many scholars have used different methods to study training effects on the heart and have reached similar conclusions. After long-term systematic sports training, the athlete’s heart shape structure and function can have adaptive changes. This good response is very important for improving the heart pumping capacity and increasing the body’s oxygen metabolism capacity.

The effect of physical exercise on blood pressure

Blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure on the sidewall of the blood vessel when blood flows in the blood vessel. Blood pressure is an important content for vital signs and the internal environment to remain stable. Too high or too low blood pressure is bad for health. It is a complete result of the interaction of many factors, namely, hemodynamic variables. The imbalance of the relationship between these dynamic variables can lead to changes in blood pressure. In turn, blood pressure will increase or decrease. The systolic blood pressure reflects the speed, intensity, aortic elasticity, cardiac output, and arterial volume of the heart contraction. The diastolic blood pressure mainly reflects the resistance encountered when the blood flows out. The arterial system is closely related to blood pressure and the capillary and venous systems.

The object in this study is constitutional hypotension. The hazard of hypotension is the insufficient blood supply to the various organs of the human body, especially the ischemic damage to the brain tissue is extremely prominent. Patients often experience dizziness, headaches, dark eyes, forgetfulness, slow thinking, and are prone to ischemic stroke, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. At present, there is no particularly effective treatment for hypotension. Physical exercise helps enhance the function of the cardiovascular system, helps it improve the process of excitement and inhibition of the cerebral cortex, and is conducive to the rise of blood pressure. Exercise plays a two-way role in improving blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure of the training group was higher than that of the training control group and the untrained control group. This shows that the aerobic exercises of aerobics and rope skipping in this study have a certain effect on the blood pressure of low-weight female college students.

The effect of physical exercise on vital capacity

The cardiopulmonary function is the most important factor in physical health. Represents the ability of the human cardiovascular system and respiratory system to ingest, transport, absorb and use oxygen for metabolism to generate energy. A good cardiopulmonary function is to engage in daily activities with sufficient energy and ability. It can help prevent certain chronic diseases and promote the foundation of physical and mental health. At the same time, a cardiopulmonary function is an important factor affecting physical fitness. In addition to genetic factors, the human cardiopulmonary function is mainly affected by acquired activities and regular exercise. Regular physical exercise can effectively enhance the physiological functions and adaptability of the body’s various organ systems.

Vital capacity is an important indicator that reflects the athletic ability of students. The vital capacity of the training group was higher than that of the training control group and the untrained control group. This shows that the training group combined aerobic exercise and strength training after 12 weeks of exercise is better than the single strength training of the training control group. This may be that aerobic exercises have a certain effect on improving the physical function of low-weight female college students. This method helps to improve the metabolism of the whole body.

CONCLUSION

Aerobic exercise has an immeasurable effect on health. Only persevering in aerobic fitness exercise can be more conducive to improving and enhancing the function of the respiratory system and cardiovascular systems. This method can improve the regulating function of the central nervous system to enhance the physique of female college students. Aerobic exercise can promote the coordinated growth and development of female college students and maintain emotional energy. In turn, it can promote their physical and mental health and improve their learning effects. In short, aerobic exercise has a certain effect on improving health. Strength training can maintain or increase lean body mass. The combination of aerobic exercise and strength exercise through direct and indirect energy consumption is the preferred exercise for weight gain and maintenance of lean body mass or increased lean body mass. The combination of aerobic exercise and strength training has a certain effect on enhancing the physical function of low-weight female college students. Low-weight people are more suitable for this type of exercise that combines aerobic exercises and strength training.

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  28 Feb 2022
• Date of issue
  May-Jun 2022

History

• Received
  03 Nov 2021
• Accepted
  23 Nov 2021