Exercise-induced exertional heatstroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal disorder caused by extreme elevation of the core body temperature. Mild to moderate liver involvement affects nearly all patients and it is manifested by increase of the serum liver enzymes. Liver failure occurring as a component of exertional heatstroke is rare and carries a poor prognosis. A case of acute liver failure in a healthy 36 year-old man after participation in an 8-km race in Manaus, located near the Amazon Tropical Forest in Brazil, is reported here. The patient presented renal failure, severe rhabdomyolysis and findings of fulminant hepatic failure (very high aminotransferases levels, elevated international normalized ratio (INR), lethargy and episodes of confusion). Hepatic and renal functions improved spontaneously with conservative measures and he was discharged within eight days. Three months later he was completely asymptomatic and gradually running again. Although rare, acute liver failure should be included in the complications associated with exertional heatstroke. Conservative management may be effective in some patients with this kind of acute liver failure.
acute liver failure; hyperthermia; liver injury; exertional heatstroke
