Creatine supplementation has been widely used to increase both muscle strength and lean mass in healthy individuals and athletes. Furthermore, several studies have investigated the mechanisms responsible for such adaptations. Thus, this review aimed at 1) examining the major studies investigating the effects of creatine supplementation on strength and hypertrophy, and 2) exploring the mechanisms underlying these responses, stressing the most recent findings and perspectives regarding creatine supplementation. There is strong evidence demonstrating that creatine supplementation is able to enhance strength and hypertrophy. The effects of creatine on water retention, protein balance, genes/proteins related to hypertrophy, and satellite cells activation may explain the creatine-mediated muscle skeletal adaptations. In light of these findings, the potential therapeutic effects of creatine supplementation might be considered as a promising clinical and research field.
ergogenic effects; mechanisms; nutritional supplements
