Clinical features of diabetic patients with dry eye disease in a community in Maceio: a cross-sectional study

Ribeiro, Marina Viegas Moura Rezende; Barbosa, Fabiano Timbó; Ribeiro, Luiz Eduardo Feliciano; Lacet, Celina Maria Costa; Lyra, João Marcelo de Almeida Gusmão; Ribeiro, Êurica Adélia Nogueira

doi:10.5935/0034-7280.20160026

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Rev. bras.oftalmol. 75 (2) • Mar-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7280.20160026 copy

Clinical features of diabetic patients with dry eye disease in a community in Maceio: a cross-sectional study

Características clínicas de pacientes diabéticos com olho seco em uma comunidade de Maceió: estudo transversal

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study was carried out in order to assess the epidemiological profile of symptomatic dry eye in diabetic patients.

Methods:

Two hundred and twenty-one diabetic patients were evaluated using a specific questionnaire about other diseases and drugs. Of these, 58 who classified as having moderate to severe dry eye were included.

Results:

In this study, 58 of the 221 diabetic patients had moderate to severe dry eye (26.2%). Of the 58 patients, dry eye was more prevalent at age 61.46 ± 14.18 years for men, and 61.09 ± 10.64 for women (p<0.005). Dry eye was more common in women (75.9%) (p=0.456). Of the 58 patients, 15 (25.9%) had at least one ocular disease.The most common was diabetic retinopathy (13 of 15 patients, 86.7%, 95% CI 69.46-103.87). A total of 19 patients used eye drops (32.8%); and most (14 of the 19 individuals, 73.7%) used lubricants (95%CI 53.88-93.48). Hypertension was the most prevalent associated comorbidity (56.9%) and the most commonly used medications were hypoglycemic agents (98 %, 95%CI 94.00 - 101.92) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (53.1%, 95%CI 53.06 39.09 - 67.04).

Conclusion:

Further epidemiologic studies need to be done to establish a real etiologic relationship between diabetes and dry eye, and its correlation to other risk factors. In spite of these limitations, we have strong evidence of this relationship, and in clinical practice, examination for dry eye should be part of the assessment of diabetic disease.

Keywords:
Dry eye/epidemiology; Diabetes mellitus/complications, critical patient, epidemiology, profile

Ocular Diseases (N=15)
	N	%	95% CI
Cataract	5	33.3	9.5 – 57.2
Glaucoma	10	66.7	42.9 – 90.5
ARMD	1	6.7	-6.0 – 19.3
Diabetic retinopathy	13	86.7	69.5 – 103.9
Use of eye drops (N=19)
Use of glaucoma eye drops	8	42.1	19.9 – 64.3
Use of lubricant eye drops	14	73.7	53.9 – 93.5

(N=58)
		N	%	95% CI
Smoking	Yes	2	3.4	-1.2 – 8.1
	No	56	96.6	91.9 – 101.2
Thyroid disease	Yes	6	10.3	2.5 – 18.2
	No	52	89.7	81.8 – 97.5
Rheumatic disease	Yes	9	15.5	6.2 – 24.8
	No	49	84.5	75.1 – 93.8
Amputation	Yes	2	3.4	-1.2 – 8.1
	No	56	96.6	91.9- 101.2
Psychiatric / Dementia	Yes	1	1.7	-1.6 – 5.1
	No	57	98.3	94.9 – 101.6
Dialysis	Yes	3	5.2	-0.5 – 10.9
	No	55	94.8	89.1 – 100.5
Stroke	Yes	3	5.2	-0.5 – 10.9
	No	55	94.8	89.1 – 100.5
Allergies / Bronchitis	Yes	3	5.2	-0.5 – 10.9
	No	55	94.8	89.1 – 100.5
Arterial hypertension	Yes	33	57	44.1 – 69.6
	No	25	43.1	30.4- 55.8

(N=49)
	N	%	95% CI
Hypoglycemic agents	48	98	94 – 101.9
Insulin	17	34.7	21.4 – 48
Diuretics	19	38.8	25.1 – 52.4
Calcium channel blockers	8	16.3	6 – 26.7
ACE Inhibitor	26	53.1	39.1 - 67
Lipid lowering agent	7	14.3	4.5 – 24.1
ASA	7	14.3	4.5 – 24.1
Beta blocker	8	16.3	6 – 26.7
Benzodiazepine	11	22.4	10.8- 34.1
Antidepressants	8	16.3	6 – 26.7
Steroids	2	4.1	-1.5 – 9.6
Proton pump inhibitors	5	10.2	1.7 – 18.7
Digitalis	1	2	-1.9 - 6
Thyroxine	3	6,12	-0.6 – 12.8

Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Rua São Salvador, 107 , 22231-170 Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil, Tel.: (55 21) 3235-9220, Fax: (55 21) 2205-2240 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: rbo@sboportal.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author: Marina Moura Rezende Prefeito Abdon Arroxelas,219, apto 303 Ponta Verde, Maceió - AL, Brasil Telefone: (82)9301-1132 E-mail: dra.marinaribeiro@gmail.com

Age Groups	No.	Age	Glycaemia	Diabetes Duration Yrs.	VA OD	VA OS
35 – 45.8	4	39.50 (4.20)	226 (66.12)	12 (9.90) 0.6 (0.4)	0.87 (0.231)
45.8 – 5.6	14	51.43 (2.74)	223.36 (130.47)	9.80 (7.54)	0.49 (0.306)	0.51 (0.271)
56.6 – 67.4	25	61.40 (2.99)	166.80 (78.78)	8.35 (7.32)	0.56 (0.334)	0.51 (0.346)
67.4 – 78.2	9	70.78 (3.03)	192.11 (121.85)	13.29 (9.57)	0.32 (0.200)	0.37 (0.305)
78.2 - 89	6	83.00 (3.46)	140.83 (65.93)	12.00 (12.47)	0.35 (0.392)	0.48 (0.386)
p value		<0.001	0.277	0.711	0.256	0.266
Gender	No.	Age	Glycaemia	Diabetes Duration Yrs.	VA OD	VA OS
Male	14	61.46 (14,18)	216.62 (139.462)	11.22 (9.705)	0.44 (0.323)	0.5 (0.365)
Female	44	61.09 (10,64)	176.87 (85.426)	9.86 (8.155)	0.50 (0.326)	0.51 (0.320)
p value		0.55	0.456	0.718	0.567	0.992

Median variables and amplitude
Age Groups	O.D.F.	Conj. Staining	Corneal Staining	Tear Meniscus	M.G.A.	BUT	Schirmer
35 – 45.8	3 (3-3)	1 (1 - 2)	1 (1-1)	1.5 (1 - 2)	1 (1 - 1)	2 (2 - 2)	2 (2 - 3)
45.8 – 56.6	3 (3-3)	1 (1 - 2)	1 (1-2)	2 (1 - 3)	1 (1 - 2)	2 (2 - 2)	3 (2 - 3)
56.6 – 67.4	3 (3-3)	1 (1 - 3)	1 (1-3)	2 (1 -3)	1 (1 - 2)	2 (1 - 3)	2,5 (2 -4)
67.4 – 78.2	3 (3-4)	1 (1 - 2)	1 (1-3)	2 (1 - 2)	1 (1 - 2)	2 (2 - 2)	2 (2 - 3)
78.2 - 89	3 (3-4)	2 (1 - 3)	1 (1-3)	2 (2 - 3)	2 (1 - 2)	2 (1 - 3)	2 (2 - 3)
p value	0.711	0.226	0.942	0.185	0.053	0.835	0.393

Gender	O.D.F.	Conj. Staining	Corneal Staining	Tear Meniscus	M.G.A.	BUT	Schirmer
Male	3 (3-4)	1 (1 - 2)	1 (1 - 2)	2 (1 - 2)	1 (1 - 2)	2 (2 - 3)	2 (2 - 3)
Female	3 (3-4)	1 (1 -3)	1 (1 - 3)	2 (1 - 3)	1 (1 - 2)	2 (1 - 3)	2 (2 - 4)
p value	0.345	0.873	0.754	0.917	0.797	0.596	0.236