Prevalence of nonspecific lumbar pain and associated factors among adolescents in Uruguaiana, state of Rio Grande do Sul

Graup, Susane; Bergmann, Mauren Lúcia de Araújo; Bergmann, Gabriel Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.rboe.2014.10.003

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. ortop. 49 (6) • Nov-Dec 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rboe.2014.10.003 copy

Prevalence of nonspecific lumbar pain and associated factors among adolescents in Uruguaiana, state of Rio Grande do Sul^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Graup S, de Araújo Bergmann ML, Bergmann GG. Prevalência de dor lombar inespecífica e fatores associados em adolescentes de Uruguaiana/RS. Rev Bras Ortop. 2014;49:661–667. ,^☆☆ ☆☆ Work developed within the Chair of Physical Education, Federal University of the Pampa (Unipampa), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

To identify the prevalence of nonspecific lumbar pain and associated factors among adolescents in Uruguaiana, state of Rio Grande do Sul.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional school-based study conducted among adolescents aged 10–17 years who were enrolled in the day shift of the municipal and state educational systems of Uruguaiana. This study evaluated 1455 adolescents. The data-gathering procedures involved two stages. Firstly, a questionnaire on sociodemographic indicators, behavioral patterns and habits of the daily routine and history of nonspecific lumbar pain was applied. Subsequently, height, body mass, flexibility and abdominal strength/resistance measurements were evaluated. To analyze the data, univariate, bivariate and multivariable methods were used and the significance level was taken to be 5% for all the tests.

Results:

The prevalence of lumbar pain among the adolescents evaluated was 16.1%. Grouped according to sex, the prevalence among males was 10.5% and among females, 21.6%. The variables of sex, body mass index, abdominal strength/resistance and physical activity level presented statistically significant associations with nonspecific lumbar pain. In the adjusted analysis, sex (OR = 2.36; p < 0.001), age (OR=1.14; p < 0.001) and body mass index (OR = 1.44; p = 0.029) maintained significance in the final model.

Conclusions:

Female adolescents of older age and who presented overweight or obesity had higher chances of developing nonspecific lumbar pain.

Lumbar pain; Adolescent; Sex; Body mass index

Variable		n	%(95% Cl)
Sex
	Male	714	49.1 (46.5–51.7)
	Female	741	50.9 (48.3–53.5)
Age (years)
	10	79	5.4 (4.2–6.6)
	11	209	14.4 (12.6–16.2)
	12	205	14.1 (12.3–15.9)
	13	232	15.9 (14.0–17.8)
	14	211	14.5 (12.7–16.3)
	15	221	15.2 (13.3–17.0)
	16	174	12.0 (10.3–13.7)
	17	124	8.5 (7.1–9.9)
	Total	1455	X̅: 13.56; SD: 2.02
Socioeconomic level
	Class B	263	20.6 (18.4–22.8)
	Class C	817	63.9 (61.3–66.5)
	Class D/E	198	15.5 (13.5–17.5)
BMI
	Normal	1004	73.3 (70.9–75.6)
	Overweight	359	26.7 (24.4–29.0)
Abdominal strength/resistance
	Recommended	976	72.6 (70.2–75.0)
	Below recommended	369	27.4 (25.0–29.8)
Flexibility
	Recommended	913	66.9 (64.4–69.4)
	Below recommended	451	33.1 (30.6–35.6)
Time spent doing sedentary activities
	≤3h	521	35.8 (33.3–38.3)
	>3h	934	64.2 (61.7–66.7)
Physical activity level
	Most active	453	33.2 (30.7–35.6)
	Intermediate	453	33.2 (30.7–35.7)
	Least active	458	33.6 (31.2–36.2)

Variable		Lumbar pain		p
Variable		Yes % (95% Cl)	No % (95% Cl)	p
Sex				<0.001
	Male	10.5 (8.2–12.7)	89.5 (87.2–91.7)
	Female	21.6 (18.6–24.6)	78.4 (75.4–81.4)
Socioeconomic level				0.292
	Class B	19.7 (14.9–24.5)	80.3 (75.4–85.1)
	Class C	15.2 (12.7–17.7)	84.8 (82.3–87.7)
	Class D/E	16.7 (11.5–21.9)	83.3 (78.1–88.5)
BMI				0.009
	Normal	14.5 (12.3–16.7)	85.5 (83.3–87.7)
	Overweight	20.3 (16.1–24.5)	79.7 (75.5–83.9)
Abdominal strength/resistance				0.026
	Recommended	14.5 (12.3–16.7)	85.5 (83.3–87.7)
	Below recommended	19.3 (15.3–23.3)	80.7 (76.7–84.7)
Flexibility				0.473
	Recommended	15.8 (13.4–18.2)	84.2 (81.8–86.6)
	Below recommended	16.2 (12.8–19.6)	83.2 (79.7–86.7)
Time spent doing sedentary activities				0.168
	≤3h	14.7 (11.6–17.7)	85.3 (82.2–88.3)
	>3h	16.9 (14.5–19.3)	83.1 (80.7–85.5)
Physical activity level				0.024
	Most active	14.1 (10.9–17.3)	85.9 (82.7–89.1)
	Intermediate	14.3 (11.0–17.6)	85.7 (82.4–90.0)
	Least active	19.7 (16–23.4)	80.3 (76.4–84.0)

Variable		n(%)	Binary logistic regression
Variable		n(%)	Crude OR (95% Cl)	p	Adjusted OR (95% Cl)	p
Sex
	Male	678 (49.4)	1	-	1	-
	Female	699 (50.6)	2.36 (1.74–3.20)	<0.001	2.36 (1.71–3.26)	<0.001
Age
		1377 (100)	1.14 (1.06–1.22)	<0.001	1.14 (1.06–1.22)	<0.001
BMI
	Normal	945 (73.3)	1	-	1	-
	Overweight	345 (26.7)	1.50 (1.09–2.06)	0.012	1.44 (1.03–2.02)	0.029
Abdominal strength/resistance
	Recommended	929 (72.7)	1	-	1	-
	Below recommended	348 (27.3)	1.40 (1.02–1.93)	0.040	1.18 (0.83–1.69)	0.30052
Physical activity level
	Most active	439 (33.1)	1	-	1	-
	Intermediate	447 (33.7)	1.01 (0.69–1.48)	0.945	0.76 (0.50–1.14)	0.182
	Least active	441 (33.2)	1.49 (1.04–2.12)	0.028	0.91 (0.60–1.38)	0.658

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: susanegraup@unipampa.edu.br, susigraup@gmail.com (S. Graup).