Capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>) exposure to <i>Rickettsia</i> in the Federal District of Brazil, a non-endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever

Quadros, Ana Paula Nunes de; Rêgo, George Magno Sousa do; Silva, Thamiris Figueiredo da; Carvalho, Andréa de Moraes; Martins, Thiago Fernandes; Binder, Lina de Campos; Castro, Márcio Botelho de; Mattos, Paulo Sérgio Ribeiro de; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia; Paludo, Giane Regina

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612021035

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 30 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612021035 linkcopy

Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) exposure to Rickettsia in the Federal District of Brazil, a non-endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever

Exposição de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) à Rickettsia no Distrito Federal, área não endêmica para febre maculosa brasileira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study, whole blood samples and ticks were collected from 57 capybaras in recreational areas in the Federal District, Brazil, aiming to investigate the presence of Rickettsia spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) assays. None of the capybara blood samples yielded rickettsial DNA by PCR. Among 55 capybara serum samples tested by IFAT, 53 (96.3%) reacted to Rickettsia spp. Among these, 21 (39.6%) identified the R. bellii antigen as the probable antigen involved in a homologous reaction (PAIHR), whereas 2 (3.8%) identified the R. parkeri antigen. Ticks collected from capybaras were identified as 173 Amblyomma sculptum and 410 A. dubitatum, in addition to nine Amblyomma spp. larvae. A sample of 231 ticks was subjected to DNA extraction and PCR for Rickettsia species. None of 122 A. sculptum yielded rickettsial DNA. Molecular evidence of R. bellii was found in 25/108 (23.1%) and of Rickettsia sp. strain Cooperi (R. parkeri-like agent) in 2/108 (1.9%) of the A. dubitatum samples. These results suggest a greater exposure to R. bellii in these capybara populations, in addition to a more significant number of A. dubitatum, which might characterize the Federal District region as not endemic for Brazilian spotted fever.

Keywords:
Arthropod Vectors; Family Caviidae; Rickettsiosis; Spotted fever; Brazilian Midwestern

Capybara			Final tritation point for the respective Rickettsia spp.
N°	Age	Sex	R. rickettsii	R. parkeri	R. amblyommatis	R. rhipicephali	R. bellii	PAIHR
1	Adult	Female	<64	128	<64	64	128	?
2	Adult	Female	256	256	256	512	256	?
3	Adult	Female	<64	64	<64	64	256	R. bellii
4	Adult	Female	<64	64	<64	64	256	R. bellii
5	Adult	Female	128	128	128	256	512	?
6	Adult	Female	<64	128	64	128	256	?
7	Adult	Female	64	64	64	64	128	?
8	Adult	Female	128	<64	64	128	256	?
9	Adult	Female	<64	128	64	<64	128	?
10	Adult	Male	<64	128	64	<64	256	?
11	Adult	Female	<64	64	64	<64	256	R. bellii
12	Adult	Female	<64	128	64	128	512	R. bellii
13	Adult	Male	<64	<64	64	64	512	R. bellii
14	Young	Female	<64	<64	<64	64	128	?
15	Young	Female	<64	<64	<64	64	256	R. bellii
16	Adult	Male	128	<64	<64	64	512	R. bellii
17	Young	Female	128	<64	<64	<64	512	R. bellii
18	Young	Male	64	<64	<64	128	512	R. bellii
19	Young	Female	128	<64	<64	128	512	R. bellii
20	Young	Male	64	<64	<64	64	512	R. bellii
21	Adult	Male	64	<64	<64	128	256	?
22	Young	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	128	R. bellii
23	Young	Female	256	<64	<64	128	256	?
24	Adult	Male	64	128	<64	128	128	?
25	Adult	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	256	R. bellii
26	Adult	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	128	R. bellii
27	Adult	Male	<64	<64	<64	<64	256	R. bellii
28	Adult	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	<64	-
29	Adult	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	<64	-
30	Young	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	64	R. bellii
31	Adult	Female	<64	64	<64	<64	128	?
32	Adult	Male	<64	<64	<64	<64	128	R. bellii
33	Adult	Female	<64	<64	<64	64	64	?
34	Adult	Male	<64	<64	<64	64	64	?
35	Adult	Male	<64	64	<64	<64	128	?
36	Adult	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	128	R. bellii
37	Adult	Female	64	<64	<64	<64	512	R. bellii
38	Adult	Male	64	<64	<64	<64	128	?
39	Adult	Male	64	<64	<64	<64	128	?
40	Adult	Female	<64	128	<64	<64	256	?
41	Adult	Male	<64	64	<64	<64	256	R. bellii
42	Adult	Female	128	128	<64	64	256	?
43	Adult	Female	<64	256	<64	<64	128	?
44	Adult	Female	64	512	<64	<64	512	?
45	Adult	Female	64	256	128	<64	64	?
46	Adult	Female	64	<64	<64	<64	256	R. bellii
47	Adult	Female	128	128	<64	64	256	?
48	Adult	Female	<64	<64	<64	<64	64	?
49	Adult	Female	128	128	64	<64	128	?
50	Adult	Female	128	256	64	<64	256	?
51	Adult	Female	64	128	<64	64	256	?
52	Adult	Female	<64	512	<64	<64	128	R. parkeri
53	Adult	Female	64	512	128	64	128	R. parkeri
54	Adult	Female	<64	64	<64	<64	64	?
55	Adult	Female	128	64	<64	128	128	?

Stage	Taxonomic identification
	Amblyomma sculptum		Amblyomma dubitatum		Amblyomma spp.
	Total	PCR	Total	PCR	Total	PCR
Larva	0	0	0	0	9	1
Nymph	39	12	169	46	0	0
Adult Male	89	77	184	33	0	0
Adult Female	45	33	57	29	0	0
Total	173	122	410	108	9	1
Area 1	41	40	27	25	0	0
Area 2	35	34	20	17	1	0
Area 3	31	27	22	19	0	0
Area 4	11	9	0	0	0	0
Area 5	55	12	341	47	8	1

R. bellii strain	Primer CS-78 (forward)	Primer CS-323 (reverse)
(GenBank acc. no.)	5ʹ - 3ʹ	5ʹ - 3ʹ
Primer sequence	GCAAGTATCGGTGAGGATGTAAT	GCTTCCTTAAA---ATTCAATAAATCAGGAT
RML 369-C^T (CP000087)	........T..GC..........	.....T.....AAA.....GC..........
Mogi-A. dubitatum (MF154866)	Not available	.....T.....AAA.....GC..........
RB-CL-I. loricatus (KX137900)	Not available	.....T.....AAA.....G...........

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Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] PAIHR: Probable antigen involved in a homologous reaction; (?): It was not possible to establish a probable antigen; (-): No serum reaction for any antigen.