Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of <i>Cymbopogon citratus</i> essential oil from Cuba and Brazil against housefly

Pinto, Zeneida Teixeira; Sánchez, Félix Fernández; Santos, Arith Ramos dos; Amaral, Ana Claudia Fernandes; Ferreira, José Luiz Pinto; Escalona-Arranz, Julio César; Queiroz, Margareth Maria de Carvalho

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612015006

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 24 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612015006 copy

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil from Cuba and Brazil against housefly

Composição química e atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus de Brasil e Cuba contra mosca doméstica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus collected from Brazil and Cuba was tested to a chemical characterization and then was tested on the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica. The chemical composition analysis by GC-MS of the oils from Brazil/Cuba allowed the identification of 13 and 12 major constituents respectively; nine of them common to both. In the both oils, the main components were the isomers geranial and neral, which together form the compound citral. This corresponds to a total of 97.92%/Brazil and 97.69%/Cuba of the compounds identified. The monoterpene myrcene, observed only in the sample of Cuba, presented a large relative abundance (6.52%). The essential oil of C. citratus (Brazil/Cuba) was dissolved in DMSO and tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and citral was prepared by mixing 16.8 mg with 960 µL DMSO. Both essential oils and monoterpene citral were applied topically to newly-hatched larvae (1µL/larva). The results showed a lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.25 and 3.24% for the Brazilian and Cuban essential oils, respectively. Mortalities of larval and newly-hatched larvae to adult periods were dose-dependent for the two both oils as for monoterpene citral, reaching 90%. Both essential oils and citral caused morphological changes in adult specimens.

Vector control; essential oil; house-fly; lemongrass; Cymbopogon citratus

Constituents	Percentage composition		Kovat´s R.I.	ID
Constituents	Brazil	Cuba	Kovat´s R.I.	ID
6-methylhept-5-en-2-one	0.19	0.23	936	MS, RI
Camphene	0.29	-	953	MS, RI
Myrcene	-	6.52	988	MS, RI
Limonene	0.99	-	1030	MS, RI
Linalool	0.42	0.69	1079	MS, RI
Citronellal	-	0.16	1132	MS, RI
n – decanal	0.19	-	1214	MS, RI
Z – citral (Neral)	36.37	35.21	1231	MS, RI
Geraniol	2.66	2.23	1247	MS, RI
E – citral (geranial)	53.2	51.14	1258	MS, RI
2 – undecanone	0.22	0.35	1287	MS, RI
geranyl acetate	1.5	0.20	1359	MS, RI
(E) – caryophyllene	1.03	-	1414	MS, RI
2- tridecanone	-	0.10	1486	MS, RI
γ – cadinene	0.27	0.27	1513	MS, RI
caryophyllene oxide	0.59	0.59	1583	MS, RI
Total identified	97.92	97.69

	Duration (days)
Treatments	Larval stage		Pupal stage		Newly-hatched larvae to adult
	(Mean ± SD)^* * Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly differen at the 5% level according to Tukey's HSD.		(Mean ± SD)^* * Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly differen at the 5% level according to Tukey's HSD.		(Mean ± SD)^* * Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly differen at the 5% level according to Tukey's HSD.
	Brazil	Cuba	Brazil	Cuba	Brazil	Cuba
Control	6.68±0.47^a	6.68±0.47ª	5.23±0.42^a	5.23±0.42ª	11.91±0.29^a	11.91±0.29ª
DMSO	5.31±0.58^b	5.31±0.58^b	5.31±0.58^b	5.31±0.58^b	10.63±1.16^b	10.63±1.16^b
5%	7.17±0.37^c.37.37^c	7.14±0.35^c	7.14±0.34^b	7.12±0.32^b	14.51±0.50^c	14.42±0.49^c
10%	7.20±0.40^c	7.15±0.36^c	7.11±0.31^b	7.10±0.30^b	14.49±0.50^c	14.39±0.49^c
25%	7.18±0.39^c	7.17±0.38^c	7.15±0.36^b	7.13±0.34^b	14.44±0.50^c	14.43±0.49^c
50%	5.18±0.39^b	5.19±0.39^b	7.14±0.34^b	7.10±0.31^b	12.55±0.50^d	12.46±0.50^d
75%	5.20±0.40^b	5.23±0.42^b	7.17±0.37^b	7.23±0.42^b	12.56±0.50^d	12.50±0.50^d
100%	12.15±0.36^dd^d	12.18±0.39^d	7.20±0.40^b	7.17±0.38^b	19.52±0.51^e	19.50±0.50^e
Control	6.50 ± 0.51^a		5.37 ± 0.49^a		11.85 ± 0.36^a
DMSO	5.29 ± 0.47^b		5.27 ± 0.45^ab		10.54 ± 0.90^b
Citral	3.18 ± 0.40^c		4.91 ± 0.30^b		7.91 ± 0.30^c

	Weight (mg)
Treatments	(Mean ± SD)^* * Values within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly differen at the 5% level according to Tukey's HSD. DMSO= dimetilsulfoxide.		IV		Sex ratio
	Brazil	Cuba	Brazil	Cuba	Brazil	Cuba
Control	21.50±1.76ª	21.50±1.76ª	19.00 – 24.40	19.00-24.40	0.50	0.50
DMSO	21.59±1.39ª	21.59±1.39ª	15.00 – 24.20	15.00 – 24.20	0.51	0.51
5%	19.60±1.41^b	19.50±1.32^b	17.20 – 21.50	17.50 – 21.00	0.50	0.50
10%	17.53±1.23^c	17.49±1.27^c	15.80 – 20.60	15.60 – 20.60	0.51	0.51
25%	20.37±0.95^d	20.36±0.93^d	19.40 – 21.80	19.40 – 21.80	0.51	0.49
50%	27.01±2.18^e	26.97±2.38^e	21.90 – 33.00	24.80 – 33.00	0.54	0.53
75%	21.50±2.65^f	21.35±2.69^f	17.40 – 25.30	17.20 – 25.20	0.53	0.53
100%	22.05±1.65^f	22.39±2.19^f	19.50 – 25.60	19.00 – 25.60	0.53	0.52
Control	21.18± 1.55^a		19.00 – 24.00		0.54
DMSO	22.22 ± 1.30^a		20.80 ± 24.20		0.56
Citral	25.65 ± 5.42^b		16.50 – 31.70		0.49

	Morphological deformities (%)
Treatments	Brazil	Cuba
Control	0.00	0.00
DMSO	0.00	0.00
5%	38.67	37.66
10%	55.26	56.76
25%	76.39	78.57
50%	81.13	80.65
75%	86.67	88.64
100%	100.00	100.00
Control	0.00
DMSO	0.00
Citral	100.00

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Zeneida Teixeira Pinto, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Lauro Travassos, Sala 22, Térreo, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, e-mail: zeneida@ioc.fiocruz.br