Helminths of Wied’s marmoset (<i>Callithrix kuhlii</i> (Coimbra-Filho, 1985) (Primates: Callitrichidae)) from the Atlantic Forest, Southern Bahia State, Brazil

Soares, Aléxia David Santos; Silva, Márcio Borba da; Fraga, Ricardo Evangelista; Hoppe, Estevam Guilherme Lux; Oliveira, Wilson Junior; Schiavetti, Alexandre

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612024011

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 33 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612024011 copy

Helminths of Wied’s marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii (Coimbra-Filho, 1985) (Primates: Callitrichidae)) from the Atlantic Forest, Southern Bahia State, Brazil

Helmintos de Sagui-de-wied (Callithrix kuhlii (Coimbra-Filho, 1985) (Primates: Callitrichidae)) da Mata Atlântica, Sul da Bahia, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Callithrix kuhlii is present in forest mosaics, edge habitats, and abandoned fields in the Atlantic Forest. In Bahia and Minas Gerais. This study aimed to identify helminths from C. kuhlii and relate them to the clinical data, weights, and indices of the liver and gonads. Necropsies were performed on 13 adult marmosets that were run over on the BA-001 highway. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to describe the relationships between the variables investigated. Fifty-one helminths were collected from 30.77% (4/13) of the marmosets analyzed. Helminths were classified based on their morphological and morphometric characteristics. Primasubulura jacchi (Marcel, 1857), Platynosomum illiciens (Dougherty, 1946), and Prosthenorchis confusus (Dougherty, 1946) were the species identified, with prevalence rates of 7.69%, 7.69%, and 15.38%, respectively. In addition, this is a new host record of P. confusus. The two main axes of the PCA explained a high variability (PCA=67.7%), indicating reduced weight and indices of the organs of parasitized animals. This study expands the knowledge on parasites of C. kuhlii and its vulnerability to parasites, contributing to constructing an epidemiological profile of environmental health.

Keywords:
Neotropical Primates; alpha taxonomy; morphology

Helminths	Prevalence	IPM	Intensity Variation	Abundance
NEMATODA
Primasubulura jacchi	7.69%	39	-	3
TREMATODA
Platynosomum illiciens	7.69%	1	-	0.08
ACANTHOCEPHALA
Prosthenorchis confusus	15.38%	6	3 - 9	0.92

Features	Primasubulurajacchi from current study	Primasubulurajacchi from original descriptive data
Total length	11.51±1.72	(8.29 -12.6)
(n=5)	(9.19-14.02)	(8.29 -12.6)
Maximum width (esophagus-intestinal junction)	0.46±0.04	(0.50)
(n=5)	(0.40-0.50)	(0.50)
Buccal capsule with a length	0.03±0.01	(0.033)
(n=5)	(0.03-0.04)	(0.033)
Buccal capsule with a width	0.03±0.01	(0.033)
(n=5)	(0.03-0.04)	(0.033)
Esophagus with	1.20±0.07	(1.09)
(n=5)	(1.11-1.28)	(1.09)
Esophageal bulb with a length	0.29±0.01	(0.26)
(n=5)	(0.28-0.30)	(0.26)
Esophageal bulb with a width	0.26±0.02	(0.24)
(n=5)	(0.21-0.27)	(0.24)
Nerve ring from the anterior end	0.30±0.05	(0.30)
(n=5)	(0.27-0.37)	(0.30)
Excretory pore situated from the anterior end	0.45±0.04	-
(n=5)	(0.38-0.48)

Larger spicule with	1.76±0.08	-
(n=5)	(1.70-1.88)	-
Smaller spicule with	1.73±0.07	-
(n=5)	(1.66-1.84)	-
Gubernaculum with	0.20±0.03	(0.17)
(n=5)	(0.18-0.25)	(0.17)
Cloaca situated from the posterior end	0.27±0.02	(0.24)
(n=5)	(0.25-0.30)	(0.24)

Features	Primasubulura jacchi	Primasubulura jacchi
Features	from current study	from original descriptive data
Total length	20.78±2.52	(13.9 -19.2)
(n=5)	(17.41-24.41)	(13.9 -19.2)
Maximum width (esophagus-intestinal junction)	0.53±0.02	(0.53 -0.66)
(n=5)	(0.51-0.55)	(0.53 -0.66)
Buccal capsule with a length	0.04±0.01	(0.033)
(n=5)	(0.03-0.04)	(0.033)
Buccal capsule with a width	0.04±0.01	(0.053)
(n=5)	(0.03-0.04)	(0.053)
Esophagus with	1.55±0.10	(1.34)
(n=5)	(1.39-1.66)	(1.34)
Esophageal bulb with a length	0.33±0.03	(0.34)
(n=5)	(0.29-0.37)	(0.34)
Esophageal bulb with a width	0.27±0.04	(0.31)
(n=5)	(0.20-0.31)	(0.31)
Nerve ring from the anterior end	0.52±0.06	(0.32)
(n=5)	(0.43-0.56)	(0.32)
Excretory pore situated from the anterior end	0.68±0.07	(0.64)
(n=5)	(0.61-0.80)	(0.64)
Vulval opening located from the anterior end	8.11±1.46	(5.67)
(n=5)	(6.64-10.04)	(5.67)
Eggs with a length	0.078±0.01	(0.066 - 0.079)
(n=5)	(0.06-0.09)	(0.066 - 0.079)
Eggs with a width	0.06±0.01	(0.053 - 0.066)
(n=5)	(0.04-0.07)	(0.053 - 0.066)

Features	Platynosomumilliciens from current study	Platynosomumilliciens from original descriptive data
Total length (n=1)	4.68	(5.69-6.38)
Maximum width (widest part of the body) (n=1)	1.23	(1.22-1.53)
Oral sucker with a length (n=1)	0.37	(0.41-0.42)
Oral sucker with a width (n=1)	0.37	(0.38-0,44)
Pharynx with a length (n=1)	0.11	(0.10 -0.11)
Pharynx with a width (n=1)	0.14	(0.11-0.16)
Acetabulum with a length (n=1)	0.41	(0.33-0.44)
Acetabulum with a width (n=1)	0.39	(0.39-0.44)
Left testis with a length (n=1)	0.48	(0.85-0.99)
Left testis with a width (n=1)	0.26	(0.47-0.55)
Right testis with a length (n=1)	0.47	(0.68-1.03)
Right testis with a width (n=1)	0.29	(0.41-0.51)
Ovary with a length (n=1)	0.27	(0.38-0,40)
Ovary with a width (n=1)	0.19	(0.24-0.34)
Left vitellaria with a length (n=1)	0.91	-
Left vitellaria with a width	0.31	-
Right vitellaria with a length (n=1)	0.89	-
Right vitellaria with a width (n=1)	0.29	-
Eggs with a length (n=1)	0.04	-
For Review Only Eggs with a width (n=1)	0.03	-

Features	Prosthenorchis confuses from current study	Prosthenorchis confuses from original descriptive data
Total length (n=3)	27.78±7.74 (14.54-28.09)	(20-30)
Maximum width (widest part of the body) (n=3)	2.93±0.30 (2.70-3.30)	(1.5-3)
Proboscis length (n=3)	0.63±0.01 (0.62-0.63)	-
Proboscis width (n=3)	0.65 (no variation in measurements)	-
Neck length (n=3)	0.29 (no variation in measurements)	-
Neck width (n=3)	0.53±0.01 (0.52-0.54)	-
Left lemniscus (n=3)	4.91±0	-
Set of cement glands length (n=3)	2.42±0.66 (2.07-3.35)	-
Set of cement glands width (n=3)	0.96±0.40 (0.86-1.59)	-

Features	Prosthenorchis confuses from current study	Prosthenorchis confuses from original descriptive data
Total length (n=2)	29.46±7.03 (24.49-34.43)	(25-30)
Maximum width (widest part of the body) (n=2)	2.75±0.25 (2.57-2.93)	(2-3)
Proboscis length (n=2)	0.67±0.09 (0.60-0.73)	-
Proboscis width (n=2)	0.68±0.028 (0.66-0.70)	-
Neck length (n=2)	0.36 (no variation in measurements)	-
Neck width (n=2)	0.36 (no variation in measurements)	-
Eggs length (n=2)	0.071 ± 0.001 (0.075- 0.072)	0.078
Eggs width (n=2)	0.039 ± 0.002 (0.041 - 0.038)	0.052

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Márcio Borba da Silva. E-mail: biolmarcioborba@gmail.com