Essential oil of <i>Piper hispidum</i> (Piperaceae) has efficacy against monogeneans, and effects on hematology and gill histology of <i>Colossoma macropomum</i>

Alves, Carliane Maria Guimarães; Baia, Raimundo Rosemiro de Jesus; Farias, Vitor Araújo; Farias, Matheus Araújo; Souza, Fernanda Layza Souza de; Videira, Marcela Nunes; Chagas, Francisco Célio Maia; Yoshioka, Eliane Tie Oba; Tavares-Dias, Marcos

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612024001

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 33 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612024001 copy

Essential oil of Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) has efficacy against monogeneans, and effects on hematology and gill histology of Colossoma macropomum

Óleo de Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) tem eficácia contra monogenéticos, e efeitos na hematologia e histologia de brânquias de Colossoma macropomum

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study investigated for the first time the effectiveness of therapeutic baths with essential oil (EO) of Piper hispidum against monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, Mymarothecium boegeri and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni from the gills of Colossoma macropomum, as well as the hematological and histological effects on this fish. In therapeutic baths, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil and two control groups (water from the culture tank and water from the culture tank with 70% alcohol) were exposed for 1 h/day, with intervals of 48 hours for 3 days, and three replicates each were used. Therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil had an efficacy of 78.6% against monogeneans. The toxicity of this essential oil was low, since there were a few physiological and histopathological changes that did not compromise the functioning of the gills of the fish. Therefore, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil was effective for controlling monogeneans in C. macropomum, when short therapeutic baths were used without compromising the health of the exposed fish.

Keywords:
Infection; essential oil; fish parasites; treatment

Treatments	Prevalence (%)	Mean abundance	Efficacy (%)
Water	100	31.1 ± 9.9^a	-
Water+alcohol	100	27.1 ± 8.9^a	12.7
100 mg/L	100	5.8 ± 2.1^b	78.6

Parameters	Water	Water + alcohol	100 mg/L
Glucose (mg/dL)	81.3 ± 20.7^a	77.8 ± 13.6^a	92.9 ± 43.1^a
Total protein (g/dL)	2.9 ± 0.5^a	2.5 ± 0.4^a	2.6 ± 0.4^a
Erythrocytes (x10⁶/μL)	1.57 ± 0.27^a	1.23 ± 0.29^b	1.35 ± 0.31^a,b
Hematocrit (%)	25.57 ± 4.15^a	26.17 ± 2.51^a	24.0 ± 4.3^a
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	7.87 ± 0.67^a	7.11 ± 0.63^a,b	6.7 ± 1.4^b
MVC (fL)	169.33 ± 43.45^a	162.33 ± 41.37^a	169.7 ± 40.9^a
MCHC (g/dL)	31.45 ± 4.66^a	27.26 ± 2.21^b	27.8 ± 2.2^a,b
Thrombocytes (μL)	170.4 ± 32.4^a	152.3 ± 45.6^a	137.4 ± 32.0^a
Leukocytes (μL)	157,714 ± 27,906^a	122,417 ± 29,039^b	135,530 ± 31.511^a,b
Lymphocytes (μL)	49,940 ± 21,417^a	47,440 ± 19,317^a	59,766 ± 26,776^a
Monocytes (μL)	77,529 ± 28,705^a	77,529 ± 28,705^a	79,149 ± 30,911^a
Neutrophils (μL)	38,490 ± 7704^a,b	32,235 ± 8771^a	44,594 ± 12,438^b
Eosinophils (μL)	4537 ± 2213^a	1632 ± 1243^b	834 ± 1132^b
PAS-GL (μL)	32,564 ± 11,290^a	14,335 ± 5545^b	15,244 ± 7635^b
Basophils (μL)	2360 ± 2080^a	928 ± 983^a,b	821 ± 931^b

Treatments	N	MAV	HAI	Severity of the lesions according to the HAI
Water	9	4.0 ± 2.4^a	4.5 ± 4.2^a	Normal functioning of the organ
Water + alcohol	9	6.0 ± 2.0^a	11.8 ± 4.1^b	Mild to moderate of the organ damage
100 mg/L	9	5.2 ± 2.2^a	5.3 ± 4.2^a	Normal functioning of the organ

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Marcos Tavares-Dias. E-mail: marcos.tavares@embrapa.br