Seroprevalence and associated factors with <i>Neospora caninum</i> infection in sheep and goats slaughtered in the state of Paraíba, Brazil

Batista, Samira Pereira; Silva, Samara dos Santos; Sarmento, Wlysse Ferreira; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido; Feitosa, Thais Ferreira; Vilela, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612023068

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 32 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612023068 copy

Seroprevalence and associated factors with Neospora caninum infection in sheep and goats slaughtered in the state of Paraíba, Brazil

Soroprevalência e fatores associados à infecção por Neospora caninum em ovinos e caprinos abatidos no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective was to describe the seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in goats and sheep slaughtered in the state of Paraíba and to identify possible associated factors with the infections. Two hundred twenty-nine samples from goats and two hundred five from sheep were analyzed by Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFAT) using a cutoff point of 1:50. The presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was identified in 28.4% (65/ 229; 95% Confidence Interval: 22.6-34.2) of the goat samples and in 12.7% (26/ 205; 95% CI: 8.2 – 17.2) of the sheep samples. Contact between goats and dogs (Odds ratio 4.81; CI 1.13 – 2.67; p = 0.041) and cattle (OR. 1.87; CI 1.13 – 2.67; p = 0.002) was identified as a risk factor for goats and contact between sheep and dogs (OR 2.32; CI 1.58 – 3.14; p = 0.026) and history of abortion (OR 1.94; CI 1.28 – 2.90; p = 0.001) was considered a risk factor for sheep. The study revealed a high seroprevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in slaughtered goats and sheep in Paraíba. Risk factors such as contact with dogs/cattle and abortion history underscore the need for preventive measures to control infection and enhance animal health management.

Keywords:
Neosporosis; small ruminants; semi-arid

Seropositivity in goats
Titration	1:50	1:100	1:200	1:400	1:800	1:1600	1:3200	1:6400	1:12800
Total (%)	7 (10.8)	13 (20)	19 (29.2)	14 (21.6)	7 (10.8)	3 (4.6)	1 (1.5)	-	1 (1.5)
Seropositivity in sheep
Titration	1:50	1:100	1:00	1:400	1:800	1:1600	1:3200	1:6400	1:12800
Total (%)	3 (11.5)	3 (11.5)	8 (30.8)	1 (3.9)	2 (7.7)	2 (7.7)	2 (7.7)	3 (11.5)	2 (7.7)

Variables/category	Goats			Sheep
Variables/category	Total	Positives (%)	p	Total	Positives (%)	p
Age
< 1 year	24	4 (16.6)	0.111*	20	2 (10)	0.869
1 – 2 years	37	15 (40.5)		44	5 (11.3)
> 2 years	168	46 (27.4)		141	19 (13.4)
Breeding system
Extensive	75	18 (24)	0.35	29	9 (31)	0.003*
Semi-intensive	154	47 (30.5)	0.35	176	17 (9.6)	0.003*
Contact with dogs
Yes	138	46 (33.3)	0.051*	74	15 (20.2)	0.017*
No	91	19 (20.8)	0.051*	131	11 (8.3)	0.017*
Contact with cattle
Yes	108	37 (34.2)	0.054*	80	15 (18.7)	0.051*
No	121	27 (22.3)	0.054*	125	11 (8.8)	0.051*
History of abortion
Yes	85	29 (34.1)	0.172*	194	22 (11.3)	0.036*
No	144	36 (25)	0.172*	11	4 (36.3)	0.036*

Risk factors	Odds ratio	CI 95%	p
Goats
Contact with dogs	4.81	[2.07–8.87]	0.041
Contact with cattle	1.87	[1.13-2.67]	0.002
Sheep
Contact with dogs	2.32	[1.58-3.14]	0.026
History of abortion	1.94	[1.28-2.90]	0.001

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela. E-mail: vinicius.vilela@ifpb.edu.br