Abstract
Objectives:
to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the associated factors in pregnant women assisted by family health teams.
Methods:
epidemiological observational study of populational, cross-sectional, and analytical base carried out with pregnant women at the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between October 2018 and November 2019. Socioeconomic and demographic, obstetric characteristics, social and family support, emotional aspects and comorbidities. The presence of overweight/obesity was estimated by the initial Body Mass Index (up to the 13th gestational week) acquired from the pregnant woman’s health booklet. Hierarchized Poisson regression with robust variance was carried out.
Results:
a total of 1,279 pregnant women participated in this study. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity was 45.3% and was associated with the following factors: having a partner (PR=1.52; CI95% =1.24-1.86), higher family income (PR=1.23; CI95% =1.04-1.46), presence of previous pregnancies (PR=1.65; CI95% =1.39-1.95%), higher age group (PR=2.26; CI95% =1.70-3.01), gestational diabetes mellitus (PR=1.43; CI95% =1.21-1.69) and systemic arterial hypertension (PR=1.29; CI95% =1.04-1.61).
Conclusion:
there was a high prevalence of overweight/obesity in the evaluated pregnant women and its association with sociodemographic and obstetric factors and chronic comorbidities. There is a necessity for monitoring and carrying out nutritional education in prenatal care provided by family health teams, with emphasis on strengthening multidisciplinary care.
Key words:
Pregnant women; Nutritional status; Overweight; Obesity; Primary health care
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*Distal hierarchical level: socio-economic and demographic conditions (skin color, schooling, marital status, occupation, income and Bolsa Família (Family Welfare) program);**Intermediate level: obstetric characteristics (previous pregnancies, gestational age at the beginning of prenatal care;***Proximal level: age, social and family support, emotional aspects and comorbidities characteristics (age group, social support, family APGAR, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, gestational diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension);****The assessment of the pregnant woman’s nutritional status was performed according to Body Mass Index (BMI=weight/height2), by gestational week and classified as underweight, eutrophy, overweight and obesity. The response variable was the presence of overweight/ obesity in pregnant women, categorized as yes or no.
