OBJECTIVES: Objectives: to describe the neonatal and assisted ventilation factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and verify their frequency in premature newborns undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) in the first week of life. METHODS: retrospective cohort study carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The medical records of 86 premature infants under MV in the first week of life were analyzed and neonatal data, MV parameters and their relationship with BPD registered. To verify the association between the variables of the study and BPD, the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test were used as appropriate. The t-test and Kruskal Wallis test were used to compare the means of the continuous variables. RESULTS: BPD occurred in 17.4% of cases. Factors related to the illness were: lower birth weight and gestational age, Apgar <7 at 1 and 5 minutes, greater time under antibiotic therapy, parenteral nutrition and MV, higher values of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), MV as the first respiratory aid, lower volume of enteral nutrition and ponderal gain. No difference was found in the level of positive inspiratory pressure, end positive expiratory pressure and pressure difference. CONCLUSIONS: the occurrence of BPD was low and related to clinical and nutritional management and early, prolonged MV. With the exception of mean FiO2, no relationship was found between the illness and ventilation parameters.
Infant; premature; Respiration; artificial; Oxygen inhalation therapy; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
