Social inequality and pneumonia hospitalization in children under five years of age in Maranhão, Brazil

Gaspar, Maria Augusta Ribeiro; Barros, Pedro Henrique Silva; Costa, Andréa Suzana Vieira; Soares, Fabiana Alves; Oliveira, Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de

doi:10.1590/1806-93042020000100006

Maria Augusta Ribeiro Gaspar

Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Estrada de Pinheiro - Pacas, km10, s.n. Bairro Enseada. Pinheiro, MA, Brasil. CEP: 65.200-000. E-mail: oliveira.bruno@ufma.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-3301

Pedro Henrique Silva Barros

Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Estrada de Pinheiro - Pacas, km10, s.n. Bairro Enseada. Pinheiro, MA, Brasil. CEP: 65.200-000. E-mail: oliveira.bruno@ufma.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6389-1128

Andréa Suzana Vieira Costa

Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Estrada de Pinheiro - Pacas, km10, s.n. Bairro Enseada. Pinheiro, MA, Brasil. CEP: 65.200-000. E-mail: oliveira.bruno@ufma.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-766X

Fabiana Alves Soares

Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Universidade Federal do Maranhão. São Luís, MA, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-8865

Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de Oliveira

Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Estrada de Pinheiro - Pacas, km10, s.n. Bairro Enseada. Pinheiro, MA, Brasil. CEP: 65.200-000. E-mail: oliveira.bruno@ufma.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-7972

Authors’ contribution Gaspar MAR and Soares FA contributed to study conception and the drafting of this article. Barros PHS and Costa ASV collected the data and participated in the discussion of the results. Oliveira BLCA participated in data analysis, the discussion of the results, and in the critical revision of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Characteristics	Hospital admissions
	n	%
Age group (years)
0 to 1	19,077	34.9
1 to 4	35,574	65.1
Gender
Male	30,083	55.1
Female	24,568	44.9
Color/race
White	2,450	4.5
Black	417	0.7
Brown	27,242	49.9
Yellow	232	0.4
Indigenous	1,125	2.1
Without information	23,185	42.4
Year of admissions
2012	9,727	17.8
2013	10,974	20.1
2014	10,524	19.3
2015	8,961	16.4
2016	6,336	11.6
2017	8,129	14.9
Human Development Index (HDI)^* * HDI level: low (0.5), medium (0.5 a 0.8), and high (>0.8);
Low	207	0.4
Medium	54,444	99.6
High	0	0.0
Gini^ Gini index level: low (<0.5) and extreme (≥0.5); (income inequality)
Low	1,202	2.2
Extreme	53,449	97.8
Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)^* ***** SVI level: low (0 to 0.300), medium (0.301 to 0.400), and high (0.401 a ≥0.501).
Low	2,682	4.9
Medium	15,883	29.1
High	36,086	66.0

[1] Authors’ contribution Gaspar MAR and Soares FA contributed to study conception and the drafting of this article. Barros PHS and Costa ASV collected the data and participated in the discussion of the results. Oliveira BLCA participated in data analysis, the discussion of the results, and in the critical revision of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.