The aim of this paper is to review Human Histocompatibility Antigens (HLA) structure and function, its detection methods, nomenclature and pathogenic mechanisms associated with pregnancy physiology and obstetrics diseases. Immunological equilibrium between mother and conceptus is indispensable for the maintenance of pregnancy. Molecules from the HLA - mainly HLA-G expressed in the mother-fetus interface - fulfill an important function in maternal immune tolerance, contributing to avoid fetal rejection and obstetrical complications. In addition, HLA influences different stages of fetal development, such as embryonic cleavage, trophoblast, formation and implantation. For this review, were surveyed in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, using the following keywords: "HLA antigens", "pregnancy", "embryonic development", "pregnancy complication", "abortion, habitual", "pre-eclampsia". Knowledge of the HLA role in pregnancy is necessary to improve pregnancy management and autoimmune obstetrical illnesses, by allowing early interventions and specific therapeutics to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Major histocompatibility complex; HLA antigens; Pregnancy; Immunology; Pregnancy maintenance; Embryonic development; Pregnancy complication; Abortion habitual; Preeclampsia