Preliminary screening of intestinal barrier genes associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in pigs

Qi, Xiaoyi; Xu, Yafei; Qin, Weiyun; Wang, Haifei; Wu, Shenglong; Bao, Wenbin

doi:10.37496/rbz4920200064

Xiaoyi Qi

Yangzhou University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-5027

Yafei Xu

Yangzhou University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1343-2649

Weiyun Qin

Yangzhou University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-8785

Haifei Wang

Yangzhou University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-9743

Shenglong Wu

Yangzhou University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Yangzhou University, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-9483

Wenbin Bao ^* * Corresponding author: wbbao@yzu.edu.cn

Yangzhou University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Yangzhou University, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-2253

* Corresponding author: wbbao@yzu.edu.cn

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author Contributions

Data curation: X. Qi, Y. Xu and H. Wang. Formal analysis: X. Qi., Y. Xu and H. Wang. Investigation: X. Qi. Methodology: X. Qi. Project administration: X. Qi and W. Bao. Software: X. Qi and W. Qin. Validation: X. Qi. Visualization: X. Qi. Writing-original draft: X. Qi, Y. Xu and S. Wu. Writing-review & editing: X. Qi, S. Wu and W. Bao.

Gene name	Abbreviation	Function	Literature source
Zonula occludens	ZO1	Maintains and regulates epithelial barriers, participates in the regulation of cell material transport, and maintains epithelial polarity.	Neunlist et al., 2003Neunlist, M.; Toumi, F.; Oreschkova, T.; Denis, M.; Leborgne, J.; Laboisse, C. L. and Jarry, A. 2003. Human ENS regulates the intestinal epithelial barrier permeability and a tight junction-associated protein ZO-1 via VIPergic pathways. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 285:G1028-G1036. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2003 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2003...
Zonula occludens	ZO2
Occludin	OCLN	Promotes the formation of selective ion channels in tight junctions and is associated with intercellular adhesion, migration, and permeability.	Berkes et al., 2003Berkes, J.; Viswanathan, V. K.; Savkovic, S. D. and Hecht, G. 2003. Intestinal epithelial responses to enteric pathogens: effects on the tight junction barrier, ion transport, and inflammation. Gut 52:439-451. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.3.439 https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.3.439...
	CLDN1
Claudins	CLDN4	Regulates the pore pathway, determines TER as well as paracellular charge selectivity.	Colegio et al., 2003Colegio, O. R.; Itallie, C. V.; Rahner, C. and Anderson, J. M. 2003. Claudin extracellular domains determine paracellular charge selectivity and resistance but not tight junction fibril architecture. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 284:C1346-C1354. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00547.2002 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00547.20...
	CLDN5
Cingulin	CGN	Regulates expression of TJ proteins through the RhoA signal pathway.	Hamard et al., 2010Hamard, A.; Mazurais, D.; Boudry, G.; Le Huërou-Luron, I.; Sève, B. and Le Floc'h, N. 2010. A moderate threonine deficiency affects gene expression profile, paracellular permeability and glucose absorption capacity in the ileum of piglets. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 21:914-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.07.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.0...
Glucagon-like peptide 2	GLP2	Induces the proliferation and reduces the internalization of enterobacteriaceae, regenerates the intestinal mucosa, and improves the intestinal barrier function.	Cani et al., 2009Cani, P. D.; Possemiers, S.; Van de Wiele, T.; Guiot, Y.; Everard, A.; Rottier, O.; Geurts, L.; Naslain, D.; Neyrinck, A.; Lambert, D. M.; Muccioli, G. G. and Delzenne, N. M. 2009. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut 58:1091-1103. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.165886 https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.165886...
E-cadherin	E-CDH	Tight attachment of adjacent epithelial cells is ensured by allelic interactions at their basolateral adhesive junctions.	Uemura, 1998Uemura, T. 1998. The cadherin superfamily at the synapse: more members, more missions. Cell 93:1095-1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81452-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81...
Integrin	ITG	Establishes a physical connection between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton that mediates the activation of cell adhesion signaling pathways.	Stupack and Cheresh, 2002Stupack, D. G. and Cheresh, D. A. 2002. Get a ligand, get a life: integrins, signaling and cell survival. Journal of Cell Science 115:3729-3738. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00071 https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00071...
Nectin1	NECTIN1	Participates in intercellular adhesion and recruits TJ components.	Rikitake and Takai, 2008Rikitake, Y. and Takai, Y. 2008. Interactions of the cell adhesion molecule nectin with transmembrane and peripheral membrane proteins for pleiotropic functions. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 65:253-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-007-7290-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-007-7290-...
Aquaporin 3	AQP3	Changes the ability of the intestinal tract to move water, causes diarrhea or constipation.	Li et al., 2008Li, X.; Lei, T.; Xia, T.; Chen, X.; Feng, S.; Chen, H.; Chen, Z.; Peng, Y. and Yang, Z. 2008. Molecular characterization, chromosomal and expression patterns of three aquaglyceroporins (AQP3, 7, 9) from pig. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 149:468-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.11.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.11.0...
Aquaporin 8	AQP8	Changes the intestinal mucosal water exchange capacity, disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier, and causes chronic inflammation and ulcers.	Gao et al., 2014Gao, Y.; Deng, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, Y. and Zhang, J. 2014. The expression of the multiple splice variants of AQP8 in porcine testes at different developmental stages. Journal of Applied Genetics 55:511-514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-014-0219-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-014-0219-...
Neonatal Fc receptor	FcRN	Specific receptor of IgG, which interacts with IgG to produce effects on the intestinal mucosa.	Dong et al., 2016Dong, L.; Zhong, X.; He, J.; Zhang, L.; Bai, K.; Xu, W.; Wang, T. and Huang, X. 2016. Supplementation of tributyrin improves the growth and intestinal digestive and barrier functions in intrauterine growth-restricted piglets. Clinical Nutrition 35:399-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.0...
Mucins	MUC1	Lubricates and protects the intestinal mucosa, provides adhesion sites for probiotics, regulates intestinal bacteria balance, enhances intestinal barrier function, assists the intestinal immune system, and inhibits the production of proinflammatory factors.	Johansson et al., 2013Johansson, M. E.; Sjövall, H. and Hansson, G. C. 2013. The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 10:352. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2013.35 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2013.35...
	MUC2
	MUC4
	MUC5AC
Trefoil factor 1	TFF1	Interacts with mucins such as MUC2, and preserves mucosal integrity.	Laukoetter et al., 2008Laukoetter, M. G.; Nava, P. and Nusrat, A. 2008. Role of the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology 14:401-407.
β-defensin 1	PBD1	Has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, induces the production of inflammatory mediators, and regulates innate and immune adaptive immunity.	Yang et al., 2004Yang, D.; Biragyn, A.; Hoover, D. M.; Lubkowski, J. and Oppenheim, J. J. 2004. Multiple roles of antimicrobial defensins, cathelicidins, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in host defense. Annual Review of Immunology 22:181-215. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104603 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol....
β-defensin 2	PBD2	Prevents infection by bacteria and viruses, regulates immune factors, and participates in immune regulation.	Veldhuizen et al., 2008Veldhuizen, E. J.; Rijnders, M.; Claassen, E. A.; van Dijk, A. and Haagsman, H. P. 2008. Porcine β-defensin 2 displays broad antimicrobial activity against pathogenic intestinal bacteria. Molecular Immunology 45:386-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06...
Porcine myeloid antibacterial peptide 37	PMAP37	Inhibits gram-positive and -negative bacteria.	Tossi et al., 1995Tossi, A.; Scocchi, M.; Zanetti, M.; Storici, P. and Gennaro, R. 1995. PMAP-37, a novel antibacterial peptide from pig myeloid cells: cDNA cloning, chemical synthesis and activity. European Journal of Biochemistry 228:941-946.
Discs large homolog 5	DLG5	Stabilizes the apical protein complex and is associated with the maintenance of the integrity and polarity of epithelial cells.	Friedrichs and Stoll, 2006Friedrichs, F. and Stoll, M. 2006. Role of discs large homolog 5. World Journal of Gastroenterology 12:3651-3656.
Tumor necrosis factor- α	TNFA	Modulates the function of a tight junction between epithelial cells of the intestine, kidney, lung, and salivary glands.	Baker et al., 2008Baker, O. J.; Camden, J. M.; Redman, R. S.; Jones, J. E.; Seye, C. I.; Erb, L. and Weisman, G. A. 2008. Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ alter tight junction structure and function in the rat parotid gland Par-C10 cell line. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 295:C1191-C1201. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2008 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00144.20...
Interferon-γ	IFNG	Modulates the function of a tight junction between epithelial cells of the intestine, kidney, lung, and salivary glands.	Baker et al., 2008Baker, O. J.; Camden, J. M.; Redman, R. S.; Jones, J. E.; Seye, C. I.; Erb, L. and Weisman, G. A. 2008. Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ alter tight junction structure and function in the rat parotid gland Par-C10 cell line. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 295:C1191-C1201. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2008 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00144.20...

Gene	Accession no.	Primer sequences (5′→3′)	Length (bp)
GAPDH	AF017079.1	F: ACATCATCCCTGCTTCTACTGG R: TCTCCTCCTGCTCCAATCCAG	187
ACTB	XM_00312428.3	F: TGGCGCCCAGCACGATGAAG R: GATGGAGGGGCCGGACTCGT	149
PEDV (M)	AF353511.1	F: AGGTCTGCATTCCAGTGCTT R: GGACATAGAAAGCCCAACCA	216
PDCoV (M)	JQ065042	F: ATCGACCACATGGCTCCAA R: CAGCTCTTGCCCATGTAGCTT	72
RV (VP6)	KJ559046	F: AAAGATGCTAGGGACAAAATTG R: TTCAGATTGTGGAGCTATTCCA	309
TGEV (M)	DQ811789	F: GCAATTCTTTGGGTTAGTGCAT R: AGCGTACAAATTCCCTGAAAGC	102
ZO1	XM_021098856.1	F: AGCCCGAGGCGTGTTT R: GGTGGGAGGATGCTGTTG	147
ZO2	NM_001206404.1	F: ATTCGGACCCATAGCAGACATAG R: GCGTCTCTTGGTTCTGTTTTAGC	90
OCLN	NM_001163647.2	F: ATCAACAAAGGCAACTCT R: GCAGCAGCCATGTACTCT	157
CLDN1	NM_001244539.1	F: ACCCCAGTCAATGCCAGATA R: GGCGAAGGTTTTGGATAGG	155
CLDN4	NM_001161637.1	F: CAACTGCGTGGATGATGAGA R: CCAGGGGATTGTAGAAGTGG	140
CLDN5	NM_001161636.1	F: CCTTCCTGGACCACAACATC R: CACCGAGTCGTACACCTTGC	110
CGN	XM_013997148.2	F: GTTAAAGAGCTGTCCATCCAGATTG R: CTTAGCTGGTCTTTCTGGTCATTG	123
GLP2	NM_214324.1	F: ACTCACAGGGCACGTTTACCA R: AGGTCCCTTCAGCATGTCTCT	150
E-CDH	NM_001163060.1	F: GAAGGAGGTGGAGAAGAGGAC R: AGAGTCATAAGGTGGGGCAGT	174
ITG	NM_213968.1	F: AATGTAACCAACCGTAGCA R: GAAGTCTGAAGTAATCCTCCT	261
NECTIN1	AF308632	F: CAGACAGGCAGAGACAAG R: TAGGCGGAGAAGAGGAAG	380
AQP3	HQ888860.1	F: TCGTGATGTTTGGCTGTGG R: GCCAGGTTGATGGTGAGGA	82
AQP8	NM_001112683.1	F: CCATTCTCCATCGGCTTCTC R: AGCAGGTCCAAAGGCTCGT	96
FcRN	NM_214197.2	F: CCTTGGATCTCTTTTCATGGGG R: CAGAGGCTCAGAAATACCAGC	199
MUC1	XM_001926883.1	F: ACACCCATGGGCGCTATGT R: GCCTGCAGAAACCTGCTCAT	123
MUC2	XM_002347185.2	F: ACGACTTTGACGGACACTGCT R: AGGGGACGTTCTCGGTGAT	99
MUC4	XM_001926442.1	F: GATGCCCTGGCCACAGAA R: TGATTCAAGGTAGCATTCATTTGC	89
MUC5AC	AF054584	F: CCCCCTCGTCTCCTTTTACC R: GGATGTCGCCAGAGACTGAGTA	71
TFF1	AM283538	F: CCATGGAGCACAAGGTGA R: AGGGTGGAAGCACCACGGGA	200
PBD1	NM_213838.1	F: CGCCTCCTCCTTGTATTCCTC R: GGTGCCGATCTGTTTCATCTT	144
PBD2	AY506573.1	F: CCAGAGGTCCGACCACTACA R: GGTCCCTTCAATCCTGTTGAA	168
PMAP37	NM_213863.1	F: CACCTGCAATGAGGGTGTCA R: GTCGCAACCGTGGTCTTCG	68
DLG5	XM_005671132.1	F: ATCCCTCTGTCATCGACCCA R: GTGCAGGTTCCCACCACATA	185
TNFA	X54859	F: CGACTCAGTGCCGAGATCAA R: CCTGCCCAGATTCAGCAAAG	402
IFNG	X53085	F: CAGCTTTGCGTGACTTTGTG R: GATGAGTTCACTGATGGCTTT	381

Gene name	ZO1	ZO2	OCLN	CLDN1	CLDN4	CLDN5	CGN	GLP2	PBD1	PBD2	MUC1	MUC2
ZO1	1	0.866 ^ P<0.01.	0.750 ^ P<0.01.	0.224	0.370 ^* * P<0.05;	0.284	−0.024	0.502 ^ P<0.01.	−0.462 ^ P<0.01.	−0.436 ^ P<0.01.	−0.382 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.572 ^ P<0.01.
ZO2	0.866 ^ P<0.01.	1	0.584 ^ P<0.01.	0.115	0.370 ^* * P<0.05;	0.184	−0.115	0.499 ^ P<0.01.	−0.447 ^ P<0.01.	−0.383 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.323	−0.502 ^ P<0.01.
OCLN	0.750 ^ P<0.01.	0.584 ^ P<0.01.	1	0.539 ^ P<0.01.	0.031	0.421 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.126	0.284	−0.098	−0.351 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.259	−0.409 ^* * P<0.05;
CLDN1	0.224	0.115	0.539 ^ P<0.01.	1	−0.131	0.460 ^ P<0.01.	−0.234	−0.033	0.430 ^ P<0.01.	−0.426 ^ P<0.01.	−0.285	−0.148
CLDN4	0.370 ^* * P<0.05;	0.370 ^* * P<0.05;	0.031	−0.131	1	−0.243	−0.275	0.355 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.655 ^ P<0.01.	−0.339 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.701 ^ P<0.01.	−0.627 ^ P<0.01.
CLDN5	0.284	0.184	0.421 ^* * P<0.05;	0.460 ^ P<0.01.	−0.243	1	−0.024	0.123	−0.052	−0.062	0.179	−0.157
CGN	−0.024	−0.115	−0.126	−0.234	−0.275	−0.024	1	−0.399 ^* * P<0.05;	0.029	0.539 ^ P<0.01.	0.436 ^ P<0.01.	0.295
GLP2	0.502 ^ P<0.01.	0.499 ^ P<0.01.	0.284	−0.033	0.355 ^* * P<0.05;	0.123	−0.399 ^* * P<0.05;	1	−0.317	−0.736 ^ P<0.01.	−0.437 ^ P<0.01.	−0.663 ^ P<0.01.
PBD1	−0.462 ^ P<0.01.	−0.447 ^ P<0.01.	−0.098	0.430 ^ P<0.01.	−0.655 ^ P<0.01.	−0.052	0.029	−0.317	1	−0.002	0.351 ^* * P<0.05;	0.545 ^ P<0.01.
PBD2	−0.436 ^ P<0.01.	−0.383 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.351 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.426 ^ P<0.01.	−0.339 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.062	0.539 ^ P<0.01.	−0.736 ^ P<0.01.	−0.002	1	0.613 ^ P<0.01.	0.531 ^ P<0.01.
MUC1	−0.382 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.323	−0.259	−0.285	−0.701 ^ P<0.01.	0.179	0.436 ^ P<0.01.	−0.437 ^ P<0.01.	0.351 ^* * P<0.05;	0.613 ^ P<0.01.	1	0.754 ^ P<0.01.
MUC2	−0.572 ^ P<0.01.	−0.502 ^ P<0.01.	−0.409 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.148	−0.627 ^ P<0.01.	−0.157	0.295	−0.663 ^ P<0.01.	0.545 ^ P<0.01.	0.531 ^ P<0.01.	0.754 ^ P<0.01.	1
MUC4	−0.450 ^ P<0.01.	−0.397 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.283	−0.198	−0.746 ^ P<0.01.	0.113	0.388 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.418 ^* * P<0.05;	0.486 ^ P<0.01.	0.513 ^ P<0.01.	0.942 ^ P<0.01.	0.745 ^ P<0.01.
MUC5AC	−0.433 ^ P<0.01.	−0.400 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.302	−0.187	−0.703 ^ P<0.01.	0.114	0.376 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.457 ^ P<0.01.	0.418 ^* * P<0.05;	0.512 ^ P<0.01.	0.890 ^ P<0.01.	0.772 ^ P<0.01.
TFF1	−0.593 ^ P<0.01.	−0.554 ^ P<0.01.	−0.504 ^ P<0.01.	−0.174	−0.169	−0.253	0.073	−0.456 ^ P<0.01.	0.137	0.470 ^ P<0.01.	−0.024	0.222
PMAP37	−0.385 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.272	−0.489 ^ P<0.01.	−0.307	−0.097	−0.680 ^ P<0.01.	0.064	−0.043	0.355 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.064	0.005	0.292
DLG5	−0.267	−0.261	0.071	0.427 ^ P<0.01.	−0.319	−0.148	−0.002	−0.400 ^* * P<0.05;	0.656 ^ P<0.01.	−0.116	0.102	0.439 ^ P<0.01.
AQP3	0.315	0.269	−0.002	−0.345 ^* * P<0.05;	0.512 ^ P<0.01.	−0.182	−0.345 ^* * P<0.05;	0.841 ^ P<0.01.	−0.445 ^ P<0.01.	−0.532 ^ P<0.01.	−0.496 ^ P<0.01.	−0.632 ^ P<0.01.
AQP8	0.695 ^ P<0.01.	0.696 ^ P<0.01.	0.478 ^ P<0.01.	0.052	0.669 ^ P<0.01.	−0.042	−0.182	0.278	−0.596 ^ P<0.01.	−0.372 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.492 ^ P<0.01.	−0.458 ^ P<0.01.
E-CDH	0.406 ^* * P<0.05;	0.363 ^* * P<0.05;	0.145	−0.223	0.543 ^ P<0.01.	−0.267	0.1	0.065	−0.557 ^ P<0.01.	−0.031	−0.429 ^ P<0.01.	−0.299
ITG	−0.212	−0.251	−0.172	0.062	0.242	−0.263	−0.241	0.082	0.149	−0.202	−0.403 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.058
NECTIN1	0.253	0.162	0.530 ^ P<0.01.	0.746 ^ P<0.01.	−0.118	0.727 ^ P<0.01.	−0.248	0.093	0.067	−0.236	−0.155	−0.266
FcRN	0.253	0.216	−0.006	−0.342 ^* * P<0.05;	0.448 ^ P<0.01.	−0.14	−0.22	0.615 ^ P<0.01.	−0.436 ^ P<0.01.	−0.353 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.259	−0.438 ^ P<0.01.
TNFα	−0.389 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.412 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.056	0.405 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.656 ^ P<0.01.	0.082	0.106	−0.137	0.829 ^ P<0.01.	−0.09	0.322	0.404 ^* * P<0.05;
IFNγ	−0.341 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.330 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.104	0.411 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.13	−0.419 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.152	−0.185	0.677 ^ P<0.01.	−0.325	−0.224	0.232

Gene name	MUC4	MUC5AC	TFF1	PMAP37	DLG5	AQP3	AQP8	E-CDH	ITG	NECTIN1	FcRN	TNFα	IFNγ
ZO1	−0.450 ^ P<0.01.	−0.433 ^ P<0.01.	−0.593 ^ P<0.01.	−0.385 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.267	0.315	0.695 ^ P<0.01.	0.406 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.212	0.253	0.253	−0.389 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.341 ^* * P<0.05;
ZO2	−0.397 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.400 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.554 ^ P<0.01.	−0.272	−0.261	0.269	0.696 ^ P<0.01.	0.363 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.251	0.162	0.216	−0.412 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.330 ^* * P<0.05;
OCLN	−0.283	−0.302	−0.504 ^ P<0.01.	−0.489 ^ P<0.01.	0.071	−0.002	0.478 ^ P<0.01.	0.145	−0.172	0.530 ^ P<0.01.	−0.006	−0.056	−0.104
CLDN1	−0.198	−0.187	−0.174	−0.307	0.427 ^ P<0.01.	−0.345 ^* * P<0.05;	0.052	−0.223	0.062	0.746 ^ P<0.01.	−0.342 ^* * P<0.05;	0.405 ^* * P<0.05;	0.411 ^* * P<0.05;
CLDN4	−0.746 ^ P<0.01.	−0.703 ^ P<0.01.	−0.169	−0.097	−0.319	0.512 ^ P<0.01.	0.669 ^ P<0.01.	0.543 ^ P<0.01.	0.242	−0.118	0.448 ^ P<0.01.	−0.656 ^ P<0.01.	−0.13
CLDN5	0.113	0.114	−0.253	−0.680 ^ P<0.01.	−0.148	−0.182	−0.042	−0.267	−0.263	0.727 ^ P<0.01.	−0.14	0.082	−0.419 ^* * P<0.05;
CGN	0.388 ^* * P<0.05;	0.376 ^* * P<0.05;	0.073	0.064	−0.002	−0.345 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.182	0.1	−0.241	−0.248	−0.22	0.106	−0.152
GLP2	−0.418 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.457 ^ P<0.01.	−0.456 ^ P<0.01.	−0.043	−0.400 ^* * P<0.05;	0.841 ^ P<0.01.	0.278	0.065	0.082	0.093	0.615 ^ P<0.01.	−0.137	−0.185
PBD1	0.486 ^ P<0.01.	0.418 ^* * P<0.05;	0.137	0.355 ^* * P<0.05;	0.656 ^ P<0.01.	−0.445 ^ P<0.01.	−0.596 ^ P<0.01.	−0.557 ^ P<0.01.	0.149	0.067	−0.436 ^ P<0.01.	0.829 ^ P<0.01.	0.677 ^ P<0.01.
PBD2	0.513 ^ P<0.01.	0.512 ^ P<0.01.	0.470 ^ P<0.01.	−0.064	−0.116	−0.532 ^ P<0.01.	−0.372 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.031	−0.202	−0.236	−0.353 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.09	−0.325
MUC1	0.942 ^ P<0.01.	0.890 ^ P<0.01.	−0.024	0.005	0.102	−0.496 ^ P<0.01.	−0.492 ^ P<0.01.	−0.429 ^ P<0.01.	−0.403 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.155	−0.259	0.322	−0.224
MUC2	0.745 ^ P<0.01.	0.772 ^ P<0.01.	0.222	0.292	0.439 ^ P<0.01.	−0.632 ^ P<0.01.	−0.458 ^ P<0.01.	−0.299	−0.058	−0.266	−0.438 ^ P<0.01.	0.404 ^* * P<0.05;	0.232
MUC4	1	0.956 ^ P<0.01.	−0.007	0.135	0.215	−0.489 ^ P<0.01.	−0.586 ^ P<0.01.	−0.529 ^ P<0.01.	−0.426 ^ P<0.01.	−0.142	−0.273	0.465 ^ P<0.01.	−0.063
MUC5AC	0.956 ^ P<0.01.	1	0.008	0.102	0.21	−0.516 ^ P<0.01.	−0.558 ^ P<0.01.	−0.519 ^ P<0.01.	−0.403 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.096	−0.254	0.433 ^ P<0.01.	−0.104
TFF1	−0.007	0.008	1	0.332 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.017	−0.148	−0.497 ^ P<0.01.	−0.01	0.334 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.214	−0.370 ^* * P<0.05;	0.002	0.205
PMAP37	0.135	0.102	0.332 ^* * P<0.05;	1	0.272	0.183	−0.299	0.041	0.271	−0.688 ^ P<0.01.	−0.039	0.251	0.601 ^ P<0.01.
DLG5	0.215	0.21	−0.017	0.272	1	−0.499 ^ P<0.01.	−0.092	−0.22	0.199	0.076	−0.483 ^ P<0.01.	0.523 ^ P<0.01.	0.722 ^ P<0.01.
AQP3	−0.489 ^ P<0.01.	−0.516 ^ P<0.01.	−0.148	0.183	−0.499 ^ P<0.01.	1	0.207	0.237	0.205	−0.26	0.649 ^ P<0.01.	−0.306	−0.162
AQP8	−0.586 ^ P<0.01.	−0.558 ^ P<0.01.	−0.497 ^ P<0.01.	−0.299	−0.092	0.207	1	0.586 ^ P<0.01.	−0.115	0.064	0.214	−0.645 ^ P<0.01.	−0.219
E-CDH	−0.529 ^ P<0.01.	−0.519 ^ P<0.01.	−0.01	0.041	−0.22	0.237	0.586 ^ P<0.01.	1	0.134	−0.244	0.179	−0.646 ^ P<0.01.	−0.105
ITG	−0.426 ^ P<0.01.	−0.403 ^* * P<0.05;	0.334 ^* * P<0.05;	0.271	0.199	0.205	−0.115	0.134	1	−0.018	0.236	0.035	0.490 ^ P<0.01.
NECTIN1	−0.142	−0.096	−0.214	−0.688 ^ P<0.01.	0.076	−0.26	0.064	−0.244	−0.018	1	−0.078	0.157	−0.097
FcRN	−0.273	−0.254	−0.370 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.039	−0.483 ^ P<0.01.	0.649 ^ P<0.01.	0.214	0.179	0.236	−0.078	1	−0.343 ^* * P<0.05;	−0.242
TNFα	0.465 ^ P<0.01.	0.433 ^ P<0.01.	0.002	0.251	0.523 ^ P<0.01.	−0.306	−0.645 ^ P<0.01.	−0.646 ^ P<0.01.	0.035	0.157	−0.343 ^* * P<0.05;	1	0.546 ^ P<0.01.
IFNγ	−0.063	−0.104	0.205	0.601 ^ P<0.01.	0.722 ^ P<0.01.	−0.162	−0.219	−0.105	0.490 ^ P<0.01.	−0.097	−0.242	0.546 ^ P<0.01.	1

[1] * Corresponding author: wbbao@yzu.edu.cn

Brasil

Brasil

Preliminary screening of intestinal barrier genes associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in pigs

ABSTRACT