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1. Antennae straight ..................................................................................... 2
1'. Antennae geniculate ................................................................................. 4
2. Pronotum as long as broad or broader than long, labrum not fused with clypeus ... 3
2'. Pronotum more than 1.5 x longer than broad, beetles very elongate. 5.0-7.5 mm (including rostrum) ...................................................... Taphroderes sahlbergi
3. Rostrum more than 3 x longer than its distal width. Head much narrower than pronotum. Antennae filiform, not distinctly enlarged at the end. 4.8 mm .............. ............................................................................. Rhynchitoplesius eximius
3'.Head not prolonged into rostrum. Head as broad as Pronotum. Three last antennal segments dilated, forming a divided club. 1.8-3.2 mm ................... Brarus mystes
4. Rostrum very short to nonexistent ............................................................... 5
4'. Rostrum long ......................................................................................... 23
5. First tarsal segment elongate, nearly as long as or even longer than 2-5 combined 6
5'. First tarsal segment not elongate ................................................................ 8
6. Head, pronotum and elytra with dense erect pilosity. First antennal segment with conspicuous long and dense hairs. 4-9 mm ............................ Tesserocerus spp.
6'. Without conspicuous pilosity ...................................................................... 7
7. Protibiae with a strong apical spine. Procoxae slightly separated. 4-9 mm .............. ............................................................................................Platypus spp.
7'. Protibiae without strong apical spine. Procoxae contiguous. 4-5 mm...................... ............................................................................ Cenocephalus thoracicus
8. Lateral margins of tibiae unarmed except for one apical spine-like process. Head, pronotum and elytra deeply punctuated. Elytra with rows of spikes directed backwards. 2.8-3.5 mm ..................................... Eurycorynophorus scabriculus
8'. Lateral margin of tibiae armed by more than one denticle. ................................ 9
9. Head partly visible from above. Third tarsal segment bilobed ........................... 10
9'. Head completely covered by pronotum, head invisible from above. Third tarsal segment not bilobed .............................................................................. 13
10. Pronotum densely pubescent. Antennal funicle 7-segmented. 1.4-3.7 mm ............ ................................................................................ Xylechinosomus spp.
10'. Pronotum shiny, without conspicuous pubescence. Antennal funicle 5-6- segmented ......................................................................................... 11
11. Antennal funicle 5-segmented, club strongly asymmetrical, deeply divided into three movable segments, 1.5-3.0 mm ................................... Phloeotribus spp.
11'. Antennal funicle 6-segmented, club symetrical, moderately flattened .............. 12
12. Body oval, about 2 x longer than wide. Pronotum wider than long. Declivity with very short hairs. 2.0-2.6 mm ......................................... Pagiocerus punctatus
12'. Body more elongate, about 3 x longer than wide. Pronotum as long as or longer as wide. Declivity with long erect hairs. 2.2-2.5 mm ................... Cnesinus dividuus
13. Antennal club obliquely truncate. Declivity often armed with tubercles. Elytral apex entire. 2.0-3.7 mm ............................................................................... 14
13'. Antennal club strongly flattened. Declivity generally not armed with distinct tubercles (when armed, elytral apex divaricate) ........................................ 16
14. Scutellar area of elytra distinctly emarginate, scutellum displaced slightly cephalad into a visible, conical process................................................ Xyleborinus spp.
14'. Scutellar area of elytra not emarginated, suture of scutellum flush with adjacent surface of elytra ................................................................................. 15
15. Body short, about 2.0-2.3 x longer than wide. Pronotum wider than long................................................................. Ambrosiodmus catharinensis
15'. Body more elongate, about 2.6-3.0 x longer than wide. Pronotum as long as or longer than wide ................................................................. Xyleborus spp.
16. Costal margin of elytra ascending from base of declivity to apex .................... 17
16'. Costal margin of elytra descending towards apex ........................................ 18
17. Elytra with sparse erect pilosity. Anterior margin of pronotum with 10-16 crenulations. 1.6-2.3 mm ........................................... Cryptocarenus seriatus
17'. Elytra with conspicuous thick scale like hairs. Anterior margin of pronotum with 1-8 crenulations. 0.8-1.3 mm .......................................... Hypothenemus eruditus
18. Funicle 5-segmented. Antennal club symmetrical. 1.4-1.8 mm ........................ 19
18'. Funicle 1 or 2-segmented. Antennal club asymmetrical. 2.4-4.0 mm ................20
19. Reddish-brown, declivity without setae. 1.4-1.8 mm ........... Pityophthorus anticus
19'. Reddish brown, declivity with small, erect setae. 1.6 mm........ Araptus araucariae
20. Funicle 2-segmented. Declivity excavated and armed by distinct spines on lateral margin. Elytral apex divaricate. 2.6-3.1 mm ................... Monarthrum brasiliensis
20'. Funicle 1-segmented. Declivity convex or weakly excavated, without or with very minute spines. Elytral apex entire. 2.4-4.0 mm (Corthylus spp.) .................... 21
21. Declivity very abrupt, vertical, concave with elevated margin all around (abdomen barrel shaped). 3.3-4.0 mm ............................................. Corthylus praealtus
21'. Margin of declivity at least on upper side not elevated. Smaller species (2.4-3.0 mm) .................................................................................................. 22
22. Declivity nearly vertical, covered with long hairs, dull. Pronotum and elytra coarse punctate. 2.4-2.7 mm ............................................................ C. rufopilosus
22'. Declivity moderately descending, covered with fewer hairs, shiny. Pronotum and elytra very minute punctate. 2.9-3.0 mm ..................................... C. papulans
23. Larger species, tibiae without articulated spines (7-13 mm)............................ 24
23'. Small species, tibiae with articulated spines (2.0-4.1 mm)............................. 25
24. Uniformly dark reddish brown, elytra rounded, without declivity, 7-9 mm (Rostrum 2.1-2.8 mm).................................................................. Spermologus rufus
24'. White stripe (formed by scales) from middle of pronotum to scutellum. Pronotum and elytra with coarse granulation. Elytra with abrupt declivity. 10-13 mm (Rostrum 3.0-4.0 mm) ............................................... Heilipodus tuberculatus
25. Hind femur distinctly widened at base. Rostrum 3.3-4.7 x longer than distal width and 1.2-1.4 x shorter than prothorax. 3.1-4.1 mm ............ Araucarius brasiliensis
25'. Hind femur not widened at base .............................................................. 26
26. Small, 2.0-2.2 mm. Rostrum 2.5-2.8 x longer than its distal width, 1.4-1.6 x shorter than prothorax. Elytra and pronotum coarse and deep punctate ........ A. kuscheli
26'. Larger species, 2.4-3.1 mm .................................................................... 27
27. Elytra and pronotum very coarse and deep punctate. Rostrum 2.8-3.7 x longer than its distal width. 2.7-3.1 mm ...................................... A. crassipunctatus
27'. Elytra only very shallow and fine punctate. Rostrum 3.1-4.0 x longer than its distal width. 2.4-2.9 mm ..................................................................... A. ruehmi
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