Sazonalidade e horário de atividade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae), em florestas de terra firme na Amazônia Central

Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751999000100003

Resumo

Euglossinae bee fauna of two areas of terra firme forest near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil was compared. Over a twelve-month period collections were done fortnightly, between 7:00 a.m and 5:00 p.m, using traps with eight kinds of scent baits. The traps were placed in the understory and in tree crowns. The majority of species and specimens was most active between August-December, near the beginning of the rainy season in this region. The bees were most active from 9:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m., while air temperatures were between 24.5-27ºC, but there was a decline in this activity when air temperature varied above or below of this range. There were differences in the seasonality and in the daily activity patterns for the two areas studied but these differences were not significative.

Orchid-bees; Euglossinae; daily activity; seasonality; Amazonia

Sazonalidade e horário de atividade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae), em florestas de terra firme na Amazônia Central¹ 1 Publicação número 192 do Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais (INPA-SI).

Seasonality and daily activity of Euglossinae bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in terra firme forest in Central Amazonia

Marcio Luiz de Oliveira

Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre. Rodovia BR 364, Km 5, 69915-900 Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

^{Endereço para correspondência} Endereço para correspondência: Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo. 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil E-mail: mlolivei@usp.br

ABSTRACT

Euglossinae bee fauna of two areas of terra firme forest near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil was compared. Over a twelve-month period collections were done fortnightly, between 7:00 a.m and 5:00 p.m, using traps with eight kinds of scent baits. The traps were placed in the understory and in tree crowns. The majority of species and specimens was most active between August-December, near the beginning of the rainy season in this region. The bees were most active from 9:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m., while air temperatures were between 24.5-27ºC, but there was a decline in this activity when air temperature varied above or below of this range. There were differences in the seasonality and in the daily activity patterns for the two areas studied but these differences were not significative.

Key words: Orchid-bees, Euglossinae, daily activity, seasonality, Amazonia

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Ao Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais (PDBFF/INPA-SI) pelo auxílio financeiro e apoio nas atividades de campo. A Elder Morato, Fernando Zanella e Maria Cristina Gaglianone pelas sugestões.

Recebido em 19.IX.1997; aceito em 25.I.1999.

ACKERMAN, J.D. 1983a. Diversity and seasonality of male euglossine bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Central Panama. Ecology 64 (2): 274-283.
______ . 1983b. Specificity and mutual dependency of the orchid-euglossine bee interaction. Biol. Jour. Linnean Sci. Soc. 20: 301-314.
______ . 1989. Geographic and seasonal variation in fragrance choices and preferences of male euglossine bees. Biotropica 21 (4): 340-347.
BECKER, P.; J.S. Moure & F.J.A. Peralta. 1991. More about euglossine bees in amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 23 (4b): 586-591.
BRAGA, P.I.S. 1976. Atração de abelhas polinizadoras de Orchidaceae com auxílio de iscas-odores na campina, campinarana e floresta tropical úmida da região de Manaus. Ciência e Cultura 28 (7): 767-773.
DODSON, C.H.; R.L. DRESSLER; H.G. HILLS; R.M. ADAMS & N.H. WILLIAMS. 1969. Biologically active compounds in orchid fragrances. Science 164 (13): 1243-1249.
JANZEN, D.H. 1981. Reduction in euglossine bees species richness on Isla del Cano, a Costa Rican offshore island. Biotropica 13 (3): 238-240.
JANZEN, D.H.; P.J. DE VRIES; M.L. HIGGINS & L.S. KIMSEY. 1982. Seasonal and site variation in Costa Rican euglossine bees at chemical baits in lowland deciduous forest and evergreen forests. Ecology 63 (1): 66-74.
LEITÃO-FILHO, H. DE F. 1995. A vegetação da reserva de Santa Genebra, p. 19-29. In: P.C. MORELLATO & H. DE F. LEITÃO-FILHO (Eds). Ecologia e preservação de uma floresta tropical urbana: Reserva de Santa Genebra. Campinas, Editora da Unicamp, 136p.
MAY, M.L. & T.M. CASEY. 1983. Thermoregulation and heat exchange in euglossine bees. Physiol. Zool. 56 (4): 541-551.
OLIVEIRA, M.L. & L.A.O. CAMPOS. 1995. Abundância, riqueza e diversidade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em florestas contínuas de terra firme na Amazônia Central, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 12 (3): 547-556.
PEARSON, D.L. & R.L. DRESSLER. 1985. Two-year study of male orchid bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) attraction to chemical baits in lowland south-eastern Peru. Jour. Trop. Ecol. 1: 37-54.
POWELL, A.H. & G.N.V. POWELL. 1987. Population dynamics of male euglossine bees in amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 19 (2): 176-179.
REBELO, J.M.M. & C.A. GARÓFALO. 1991. Diversidade e sazonalidade de machos de Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) e preferência por iscas odores em um fragmento de floresta no sudeste do Brasil. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51 (4): 787-799.
RIBEIRO, M.N.G. & J. ADIS. 1984. Local rainfall variability-a potential bias for bioecological studies in the Central Amazon. Acta Amazonica 14 (1- 2): 159-174.
ROUBIK, D.W. & J.D. ACKERMAN. 1987. Long-term ecology of euglossine orchid-bees (Apidae, Euglossini) in Panama. Oecologia 73: 321-333.
SOARES, A.A.; L.A.O. CAMPOS; M.F. VIEIRA & G.A.R. MELO. 1989. Relações entre Euglossa (Euglossela) mandibularis Friese, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) e Cyphomandra calycina (Solanaceae). Ciência e Cultura 41 (9): 903-905.
ZIMMERMAN, J.K.; D.W. ROUBIK & J.D. ACKERMAN. 1989. Asynchronous phenologies of a neotropical orchid and its euglossine bee pollinator. Ecology 70 (4): 1192-1195.
ZIMMERMAN, J.K. & S.R. MADRINAN. 1988. Age structure of male Euglossa imperialis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) at nectar and chemical sources in Panama. Jour. Trop. Ecol. 4: 303-306.

Endereço para correspondência:

Departamento de Biologia

Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto

Universidade de São Paulo. 14040-901

Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

E-mail:

mlolivei@usp.br

1

Publicação número 192 do Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais (INPA-SI).

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Jul 2009
Data do Fascículo
Mar 1999

Histórico

Aceito
25 Jan 1999
Recebido
19 Set 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ACKERMAN, J.D. 1983a. Diversity and seasonality of male euglossine bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Central Panama. Ecology 64 (2): 274-283.

[2] ______ . 1983b. Specificity and mutual dependency of the orchid-euglossine bee interaction. Biol. Jour. Linnean Sci. Soc. 20: 301-314.

[3] ______ . 1989. Geographic and seasonal variation in fragrance choices and preferences of male euglossine bees. Biotropica 21 (4): 340-347.

[4] BECKER, P.; J.S. Moure & F.J.A. Peralta. 1991. More about euglossine bees in amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 23 (4b): 586-591.

[5] BRAGA, P.I.S. 1976. Atração de abelhas polinizadoras de Orchidaceae com auxílio de iscas-odores na campina, campinarana e floresta tropical úmida da região de Manaus. Ciência e Cultura 28 (7): 767-773.

[6] DODSON, C.H.; R.L. DRESSLER; H.G. HILLS; R.M. ADAMS & N.H. WILLIAMS. 1969. Biologically active compounds in orchid fragrances. Science 164 (13): 1243-1249.

[7] JANZEN, D.H. 1981. Reduction in euglossine bees species richness on Isla del Cano, a Costa Rican offshore island. Biotropica 13 (3): 238-240.

[8] JANZEN, D.H.; P.J. DE VRIES; M.L. HIGGINS & L.S. KIMSEY. 1982. Seasonal and site variation in Costa Rican euglossine bees at chemical baits in lowland deciduous forest and evergreen forests. Ecology 63 (1): 66-74.

[9] LEITÃO-FILHO, H. DE F. 1995. A vegetação da reserva de Santa Genebra, p. 19-29. In: P.C. MORELLATO & H. DE F. LEITÃO-FILHO (Eds). Ecologia e preservação de uma floresta tropical urbana: Reserva de Santa Genebra. Campinas, Editora da Unicamp, 136p.

[10] MAY, M.L. & T.M. CASEY. 1983. Thermoregulation and heat exchange in euglossine bees. Physiol. Zool. 56 (4): 541-551.

[11] OLIVEIRA, M.L. & L.A.O. CAMPOS. 1995. Abundância, riqueza e diversidade de abelhas Euglossinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) em florestas contínuas de terra firme na Amazônia Central, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 12 (3): 547-556.

[12] PEARSON, D.L. & R.L. DRESSLER. 1985. Two-year study of male orchid bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) attraction to chemical baits in lowland south-eastern Peru. Jour. Trop. Ecol. 1: 37-54.

[13] POWELL, A.H. & G.N.V. POWELL. 1987. Population dynamics of male euglossine bees in amazonian forest fragments. Biotropica 19 (2): 176-179.

[14] REBELO, J.M.M. & C.A. GARÓFALO. 1991. Diversidade e sazonalidade de machos de Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) e preferência por iscas odores em um fragmento de floresta no sudeste do Brasil. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51 (4): 787-799.

[15] RIBEIRO, M.N.G. & J. ADIS. 1984. Local rainfall variability-a potential bias for bioecological studies in the Central Amazon. Acta Amazonica 14 (1- 2): 159-174.

[16] ROUBIK, D.W. & J.D. ACKERMAN. 1987. Long-term ecology of euglossine orchid-bees (Apidae, Euglossini) in Panama. Oecologia 73: 321-333.

[17] SOARES, A.A.; L.A.O. CAMPOS; M.F. VIEIRA & G.A.R. MELO. 1989. Relações entre Euglossa (Euglossela) mandibularis Friese, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) e Cyphomandra calycina (Solanaceae). Ciência e Cultura 41 (9): 903-905.

[18] ZIMMERMAN, J.K.; D.W. ROUBIK & J.D. ACKERMAN. 1989. Asynchronous phenologies of a neotropical orchid and its euglossine bee pollinator. Ecology 70 (4): 1192-1195.

[19] ZIMMERMAN, J.K. & S.R. MADRINAN. 1988. Age structure of male Euglossa imperialis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) at nectar and chemical sources in Panama. Jour. Trop. Ecol. 4: 303-306.