Importância de diferentes microhabitats no comportamento de forrageio por presas do mico-leão-preto, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae)

Microhabitats importance in prey foraging behavior of black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae)

Mammalia Leontopithecus chrysopygus; black lion tamarin; foraging behavior; microhabitats; seasonality; primates

Importância de diferentes microhabitats no comportamento de forrageio por presas do mico-leão-preto, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae)¹

Microhabitats importance in prey foraging behavior of black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan) (Mammalia, Callitrichidae)

Fernando C. Passos^I; CleberJ. R. Alho^II

^IDepartamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Bolsista do CNPq. E-mail: [e-mail]

^IIUniversidade Federal de São Carlos. Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT

Prey foraging behavior in the Black Lion Tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823) was observed in the Caetetus Ecological Station, southeastern Brazil, during 550 hours of direct observations between December 1993 and February 1995. The scan sampling method was used to gather data. These tamarins use manipulative, specific-site foraging behavior. When searching for animal prey items, they examine a variety of microhabitats. The most important microhabitat used for prey foraging behavior was tree cavities (41% of the foraging observations), but palm trees (22%), bamboo (12%), vines (11%), bark (5%), seed pods of the "jequitiba" tree (4%), other places (3%) and epiphytes (2%) were also observed. Animal preys were frequently captured in understory (71.6%, n = 96) and in middle layers (21.6%, n = 29), but infrequently in the canopy (5.9%, n = 8) and in the ground (0.7%, n = 1). Prey foraging behavior showed a similar pattern to that observed for animal prey captured: 54.9% (n = 380) in understory, 35.5% (n = 246) in middle layers, 8.9% (n = 62) in the canopy and 0.6% (n = 4) in the ground. Thus, the understory and middle layers are the most important foraging areas. Also, apparently only L. chrysopygus, among the genus Leontopithecus, has adapted to areas with strong seasonality of climate and resources.

Key words: Mammalia Leontopithecus chrysopygus, black lion tamarin, foraging behavior, microhabitats, seasonality, primates

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Os autores agradecem ao Instituto Florestal de São Paulo e ao IBAMA pela autorização para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, a um revisor anônimo pelas sugestões ao manuscrito, ao financiamento obtido junto ao WWF - Fundo Mundial para a Natureza, a Fundação O Boticário de Proteção a Natureza, a Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust, e ao Lincoln Park Zoo Neotropic Fund, ao Comitê Internacional de Recuperação e Manejo do Mico-leão-preto, ao Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPE) pelo empréstimo de equipamento, aos funcionários da Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus pela ajuda no campo, e a CAPES e FAPESP pela bolsa de doutorado concedida ao primeiro autor.

Recebido em 28.IX.2000; aceito em 03.VII.2001.

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Contribuição número 1229 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  18 Maio 2009
• Data do Fascículo
  Jul 2001

Histórico

• Aceito
  03 Jul 2001
• Recebido
  28 Set 2000