Estudo do escápulo-coracóide e da cartilagem sinarcual cérvico-torácica de Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller &amp; Henle e Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill) Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae)

Afonso, Andreia Francisco; Gallo, Valéria

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000200002

Resumo

A comparative analysis of the scapulocoracoid and cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage of juvenile specimens of Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle, 1841 and R. bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) was accomplished, in order to identify specific, individual and ontogenetic differences. In the scapulocoracoid, the scapular foramen and the posterodorsal fenestra is larger in R. brasiliensis. The anterior fenestra bridge is thicker and the metacondyle is thinner and longer in R. bonasus. This species also possesses a larger re-entrance between the mesocondyle and the metacondyle, as well as in the fitting region of'the synarcual cartilage, placed close to the scapular process. The individual differences are: posteroventral fenestra with variable diameter independent of the size of the specimens; scapulocoracoids, in some specimens, are more fragile even if they have been kept in the same conservation conditions. In the cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage, the lateral stay in R. brasiliensis encloses completely the superior portion of the anteroscapular bridge. There are three more prominent condyles beside the suprascapula in R. brasiliensis, R. bonasus, however, shows a protuberance close to the suprascapula, inconspicuous and more distant from the scapular lamina. Several specimens of different size of R. bonasus show a synarcual cartilage wider in ventral view and higher in lateral view. In the majority of specimens, the number of ventral spinal foramina is higher than the dorsal ones in both species. R. bonasus has only one pair of asymmetric basal foramina, whereas R. brasiliensis possesses three or four foramina. Regarding individual differences, at least one specimen of R. bonasus exhibits a single basal foramen.

Chondrichthyes; Myliobatiformes; Rhinoptera; scapulocoracoid; cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage; Brazil

Estudo do escápulo-coracóide e da cartilagem sinarcual cérvico-torácica de Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle e Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill) Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae)

Study of the scapulocoracoid and cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage of Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle and Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill) (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae)

Andreia Francisco Afonso^I; Valéria Gallo^II

^IDepartamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. E-mail: affa@terra.com.br

^IIDepartamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20559-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Bolsista Prociência UERJ/Faperj. E-mail: gallo@uerj.br

ABSTRACT

A comparative analysis of the scapulocoracoid and cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage of juvenile specimens of Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle, 1841 and R. bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) was accomplished, in order to identify specific, individual and ontogenetic differences. In the scapulocoracoid, the scapular foramen and the posterodorsal fenestra is larger in R. brasiliensis. The anterior fenestra bridge is thicker and the metacondyle is thinner and longer in R. bonasus. This species also possesses a larger re-entrance between the mesocondyle and the metacondyle, as well as in the fitting region of'the synarcual cartilage, placed close to the scapular process. The individual differences are: posteroventral fenestra with variable diameter independent of the size of the specimens; scapulocoracoids, in some specimens, are more fragile even if they have been kept in the same conservation conditions. In the cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage, the lateral stay in R. brasiliensis encloses completely the superior portion of the anteroscapular bridge. There are three more prominent condyles beside the suprascapula in R. brasiliensis, R. bonasus, however, shows a protuberance close to the suprascapula, inconspicuous and more distant from the scapular lamina. Several specimens of different size of R. bonasus show a synarcual cartilage wider in ventral view and higher in lateral view. In the majority of specimens, the number of ventral spinal foramina is higher than the dorsal ones in both species. R. bonasus has only one pair of asymmetric basal foramina, whereas R. brasiliensis possesses three or four foramina. Regarding individual differences, at least one specimen of R. bonasus exhibits a single basal foramen.

Key words: Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Rhinoptera, scapulocoracoid, cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage, Brazil

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AGRADECIMENTOS. Agradecemos a Hugo Ricardo Secioso Santos, Paulo Marques Brito e Ulisses Leite Gomes pela leitura crítica e valiosas sugestões; a Alexander W.A. Kellner pela revisão do Abstract; à Aline Jardim da Fonseca pelas discussões sobre as estruturas anatômicas aqui estudadas; ao Hugo Ricardo Secioso Santos pelas ilustrações. Ao CNPq através de Bolsa de Aperfeiçoamento à A.F. Afonso e ao Convênio UERJ/FAPERJ pela bolsa de produtividade à V. Gallo.

Recebido em 13.I.2000; aceito em 24.IV.2001.

BIGELOW, H.B. & W.C. SCHROEDER. 1953. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. In: Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res. 1(2):1-514.
BRITO, P.M. & B. SERET. 1996. The new genus lansan (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and its phylogenetic relationships, p. 47-62. In: G. ARRATIA & G. VIOHL (Eds). Mesozoic Fishes-Systematics and Paleoecology. München, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 576p.
CAVALCANTI, M.J.; V. GALLO-DA-SILVA & A.F. AFONSO. 1997. Identificação de Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) e R. brasiliensis Müller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Rhinopteridae) pela análise de funções discriminantes. Acta Biol. Leopold. 19(2):205-215.
COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1973. Interrelationships of living elasmobranchs. In: P.H. GREENWOOD; R.S. MILES & C. PATTERSON (Eds). Interrelationships of fishes. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 53(Supl. I):15-61.
______. 1977 Phyletic relationships of living sharks and rays. Amer. Zool. 17(2):303-322.
DANIEL, J.F. 1934. The elasmobranch fishes. Berkeley, Univ. Califórnia Press, 332p.
GALL0-DA-SILVA, V.; A.F. AFONSO & U.L. GOMES. 1997. Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Rhinoptera Cuvier, 1829 ocorrentes no litoral brasileiro. Parte I: Condroneurocrânio de exemplares jovens de Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle, 1841 e Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatiformes, Rhinopteridae). An. Acad. bras. Ci. 69(4):585-600.
GARMAN, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 36:1-515.
GOMES, U.L.; C. WINKELSTEIN & W. SOUZA-LIMA. 1997. Estudo da cartilagem cérvico-torácica em Rajídeos (Batomorphii, Rajiformes) da região Sudeste do Brasil. An. Acad. bras. Ci. 69(1):95-107.
HOLMGREN, N. 1940. Studies on the head in fishes. Embryological, morphological and phylogenetical researches. Part I: Development of the skull in sharks and rays. Act. Zool. 21:51-257.
______. 1942. Studies on the head in fishes. An ernbryological, morphological and phylogenetical study. Part III: The phylogeny of elasmobranch fishes. Act. Zool. 23:129-261.
JANVIER, P. 1996. Early Vertebrates. New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 375p.
LEIBLE, M.D. 1988. Revisión de metodos para estudios taxonomicos de rayas (Rajiformes, Rajidae). Gayana Zool. 52(1-2):15-93.
LOVEJOY, N.R. 1996. Systematics of myliobatoid elasmobranchs: with emphasis on the phylogeny and historical biogeography of neotropical freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae: Rajiformes). Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 1996:207-257.
LUND, R. & E.D. GROGAN. 1997. Relationships of the Chimaeriformes and the basal radiation of the Chondrichthyes. Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher. 7:65-123.
MAISEY, J.G. 1984. Higher elasmobranch phylogeny and biostratigraphy. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 82:33-54.
______. 1991. Santana Fossils: An illustrated Atlas. Neptune City, T.F.H. Publ. Inc., 459p.
McEACHRAN, J.D. 1983. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LXI: Revision of the South American skate genus Psammobatis Günther, 1879 (Elasmobranchii, Rajiformes, Rajidae). Arch. Fischereiwiss. 34:23-80.
______. 1984. Anatomical investigations of the New Zealand skates Bathyraja asperula and B. spinifera with an eveluation of their classification within Rajoidei (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes). Copeia 1984:45-58.
McEACHRAN, J.D. & L.J.V. COMPAGNO.1979. A further descriplion of Gurgesiella furvescens, with comments on the interrelationships of Gurgesiellidae and Pseudorajidae (Pisces, Rajoidei). Bull. Mar. Sci. 29:530-553.
McEACHRAN, J.D. & T. MIYAKE. 1990. Phylogenetic interrelationships of skates: a working hypothesis (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei), p. 285-304. In: Elasmobranchs as Living resources: Advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and status of the fisheries. NOAA Tech. Rep., NMFS 90.
McEACHRAN, J.D.; K.A. DUNN & T. MIYAKE. 1996. Interrelationships of the batoid fishes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea), p. 63-84. In: M.L.J. STIASSNY; L.R. PARENTI & G. DAVID JOHNSON (Eds.). Interrelationships of fishes. San Diego, Academic Press, 496p.
MELOUK, M.A. 1949. On the relation between the vertebral column and the occiptal region of the chondrocranium in the selachii and its phylogeneties signiticances. Publ. Mar. Biol. Stat. Ghardaqa. 6:45-51.
NISHIDA, K. 1990. Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 37(1/2):1-108.
NISHIDA, K. & K. NAKAYA. 1988. A new species of the genus Dasyatis (Elasmobranchii: Dasyatididae) from southern Japan and lectotype designation of D. zugei. Japan Jour. Ichthyol. 35:115-123.
ØRVIG, T. 1962. Y a-t-il une relation directe entre les Arthrodires Ptyctodontides et les Holocephales? Problèmes actuels de Paleont. (Évol. des vertébrés). Colloques Inter. CNRS 104:46-61.
PATTERSON, C. 1965. The phylogeny of the chimaeroids. Phill. Trans. R. Soc. 249B:101-219.
REGAN, C.T. 1906. A classification of the selachian fishes. Proc. Zool. London 1906:722-758.
SAINT-SEINE, M.P.1949. Les poisson des calcaires lithographiques de Cerin (Ain). Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Lyon 2:1-357.
SHIRAI, S. 1992. Squalean phylogeny a new framework of "Squaloid" sharks and related taxa. Hokkaido, Hokkaido Univ. Press, 139p.
SILVA-SANTOS, R. 1968. A paleoictiofauna da Formação Santana-Euselachii. An. Acad. bras. Ci. 49(4):491-497.
STENSIÖ, E. 1969. Elasmobranchiomorphi, Placodermata, Arthrodires, p. 71-692. In: J. PIVETEAU(Ed.). Traité de Paléontologie 4. Paris, Masson, Vol. 2, 790p.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
04 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
Jun 2001

Histórico

Aceito
24 Abr 2001
Recebido
13 Jan 2000

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BIGELOW, H.B. & W.C. SCHROEDER. 1953. Sawfishes, guitarfishes, skates and rays. In: Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res. 1(2):1-514.

[2] BRITO, P.M. & B. SERET. 1996. The new genus lansan (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and its phylogenetic relationships, p. 47-62. In: G. ARRATIA & G. VIOHL (Eds). Mesozoic Fishes-Systematics and Paleoecology. München, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 576p.

[3] CAVALCANTI, M.J.; V. GALLO-DA-SILVA & A.F. AFONSO. 1997. Identificação de Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) e R. brasiliensis Müller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Rhinopteridae) pela análise de funções discriminantes. Acta Biol. Leopold. 19(2):205-215.

[4] COMPAGNO, L.J.V. 1973. Interrelationships of living elasmobranchs. In: P.H. GREENWOOD; R.S. MILES & C. PATTERSON (Eds). Interrelationships of fishes. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 53(Supl. I):15-61.

[5] ______. 1977 Phyletic relationships of living sharks and rays. Amer. Zool. 17(2):303-322.

[6] DANIEL, J.F. 1934. The elasmobranch fishes. Berkeley, Univ. Califórnia Press, 332p.

[7] GALL0-DA-SILVA, V.; A.F. AFONSO & U.L. GOMES. 1997. Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Rhinoptera Cuvier, 1829 ocorrentes no litoral brasileiro. Parte I: Condroneurocrânio de exemplares jovens de Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle, 1841 e Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatiformes, Rhinopteridae). An. Acad. bras. Ci. 69(4):585-600.

[8] GARMAN, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 36:1-515.

[9] GOMES, U.L.; C. WINKELSTEIN & W. SOUZA-LIMA. 1997. Estudo da cartilagem cérvico-torácica em Rajídeos (Batomorphii, Rajiformes) da região Sudeste do Brasil. An. Acad. bras. Ci. 69(1):95-107.

[10] HOLMGREN, N. 1940. Studies on the head in fishes. Embryological, morphological and phylogenetical researches. Part I: Development of the skull in sharks and rays. Act. Zool. 21:51-257.

[11] ______. 1942. Studies on the head in fishes. An ernbryological, morphological and phylogenetical study. Part III: The phylogeny of elasmobranch fishes. Act. Zool. 23:129-261.

[12] JANVIER, P. 1996. Early Vertebrates. New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 375p.

[13] LEIBLE, M.D. 1988. Revisión de metodos para estudios taxonomicos de rayas (Rajiformes, Rajidae). Gayana Zool. 52(1-2):15-93.

[14] LOVEJOY, N.R. 1996. Systematics of myliobatoid elasmobranchs: with emphasis on the phylogeny and historical biogeography of neotropical freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae: Rajiformes). Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 1996:207-257.

[15] LUND, R. & E.D. GROGAN. 1997. Relationships of the Chimaeriformes and the basal radiation of the Chondrichthyes. Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher. 7:65-123.

[16] MAISEY, J.G. 1984. Higher elasmobranch phylogeny and biostratigraphy. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 82:33-54.

[17] ______. 1991. Santana Fossils: An illustrated Atlas. Neptune City, T.F.H. Publ. Inc., 459p.

[18] McEACHRAN, J.D. 1983. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LXI: Revision of the South American skate genus Psammobatis Günther, 1879 (Elasmobranchii, Rajiformes, Rajidae). Arch. Fischereiwiss. 34:23-80.

[19] ______. 1984. Anatomical investigations of the New Zealand skates Bathyraja asperula and B. spinifera with an eveluation of their classification within Rajoidei (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes). Copeia 1984:45-58.

[20] McEACHRAN, J.D. & L.J.V. COMPAGNO.1979. A further descriplion of Gurgesiella furvescens, with comments on the interrelationships of Gurgesiellidae and Pseudorajidae (Pisces, Rajoidei). Bull. Mar. Sci. 29:530-553.

[21] McEACHRAN, J.D. & T. MIYAKE. 1990. Phylogenetic interrelationships of skates: a working hypothesis (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei), p. 285-304. In: Elasmobranchs as Living resources: Advances in the biology, ecology, systematics, and status of the fisheries. NOAA Tech. Rep., NMFS 90.

[22] McEACHRAN, J.D.; K.A. DUNN & T. MIYAKE. 1996. Interrelationships of the batoid fishes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea), p. 63-84. In: M.L.J. STIASSNY; L.R. PARENTI & G. DAVID JOHNSON (Eds.). Interrelationships of fishes. San Diego, Academic Press, 496p.

[23] MELOUK, M.A. 1949. On the relation between the vertebral column and the occiptal region of the chondrocranium in the selachii and its phylogeneties signiticances. Publ. Mar. Biol. Stat. Ghardaqa. 6:45-51.

[24] NISHIDA, K. 1990. Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatidoidei. Mem. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 37(1/2):1-108.

[25] NISHIDA, K. & K. NAKAYA. 1988. A new species of the genus Dasyatis (Elasmobranchii: Dasyatididae) from southern Japan and lectotype designation of D. zugei. Japan Jour. Ichthyol. 35:115-123.

[26] ØRVIG, T. 1962. Y a-t-il une relation directe entre les Arthrodires Ptyctodontides et les Holocephales? Problèmes actuels de Paleont. (Évol. des vertébrés). Colloques Inter. CNRS 104:46-61.

[27] PATTERSON, C. 1965. The phylogeny of the chimaeroids. Phill. Trans. R. Soc. 249B:101-219.

[28] REGAN, C.T. 1906. A classification of the selachian fishes. Proc. Zool. London 1906:722-758.

[29] SAINT-SEINE, M.P.1949. Les poisson des calcaires lithographiques de Cerin (Ain). Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Lyon 2:1-357.

[30] SHIRAI, S. 1992. Squalean phylogeny a new framework of "Squaloid" sharks and related taxa. Hokkaido, Hokkaido Univ. Press, 139p.

[31] SILVA-SANTOS, R. 1968. A paleoictiofauna da Formação Santana-Euselachii. An. Acad. bras. Ci. 49(4):491-497.

[32] STENSIÖ, E. 1969. Elasmobranchiomorphi, Placodermata, Arthrodires, p. 71-692. In: J. PIVETEAU(Ed.). Traité de Paléontologie 4. Paris, Masson, Vol. 2, 790p.

Brasil

Brasil

Estudo do escápulo-coracóide e da cartilagem sinarcual cérvico-torácica de Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle e Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill) Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae)

Study of the scapulocoracoid and cervico-thoracic synarcual cartilage of Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller & Henle and Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill) (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae)

Resumo

Datas de Publicação

Histórico